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Relationship between "Ich" and "Der andere" in Améry's "Hand an sich legen"
Straková, Zuzana ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
(in English) This thesis deals with the relationship between The Self and The Other as presented in the works of Jean Améry, especially in his book about suicide. To think about the relationship between these two agents means also to think about freedom, humanity, the right to life, and the right to voluntary death. The first part of the thesis is concerned with the definitions of the relevant concepts; the second part reflects on the concept of voluntary death. It is precisely the voluntary death that can be the most radical result of the culmination of misunderstanding between The Self and The Other. For voluntary death is not only a decision not to live at this time and place but also a decision to leave this society, the others. According to Améry, the decision to commit suicide is a free, natural, and humane act. By saying that suicide is a free act Améry argues against the deterministic teachings of psychologists. Améry believes that voluntary death is a natural response to inhuman, humiliating, or for any other reason unacceptable life conditions. He thinks that voluntary death is also a humane act, as it gives men the opportunity to stop existing when there is a threat to their existence as human beings, for example when they get dehumanized like a muselman in a concentration camp. In the...
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Bernard Bolzano and his conception of society
ŠŤASTNÁ, Kateřina
This Bachelor´s degree thesis "Bernard Bolzano and his conception of society" deals with the characteristic and the analysis of Bernard Bolzano´s philosophical views, mainly concerning the social issues. The first part introduces the biography of Bernard Bolzano and his significance to the history of social sciences. The next part focuses on the pedagogical activity and Bolzano´s lectures. The third part concerns Bolzano´s criticism of Immanuel Kant. The fourth part deals with the characteristic and the analysis of Bolzano´s social and political views. This part focuses on the formulation and meaning of Bolzano´s Supreme Moral Law, his view of the progress in the society and it also concerns with the analysis of social and political issues in Bolzano´s booklet On the Best State. The object is to depict the personality of Bernard Bolzano and characterize and analyse Bernard Bolzano´s philosophical views, mainly concerning the social issues.
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Masaryk's reflections on history and historiography (Study regarding the so-called dispute over the meaning of Czech history)
HOLEC, Miloš
This work aims to use Masaryk's thoughts to analyse, summarise and interpret his philosophy of history. The introduction is followed by a chapter on the peculiarities of Masaryk's expressions. The third chapter looks at the perspective of eternity. This is Masaryk's yardstick for assessing history and its meaning. The term 'humanity' is also explained here. He bases his view on history and historiography on it, as right from the perspective of eternity. The chapter's conclusion analyses Josef Pekář's incorrect view on it and its opposite liberalism as understood by Masaryk. As demonstrated, Josef Kaizl and Kamil Krofta made a similar mistake, which had a practical impact in the escalation of the so-called conflict over the meaning of Czech history, or even directly in its origins. Masaryk's liberalism is subsequently given a separate chapter. This contains, amongst other things, practical examples of expressions of the opposite of humanity in history. The fifth chapter explains why it was humanity which Masaryk took as the basis of his philosophy of history. The sixth chapter explains how an ageing professor who had preached humanity his whole life could have led a war and even strived to ensure that a peace would not be concluded which would go against his political objectives. His relativisation of humanity wasn't sudden however, and didn't go against his pre-war values system, nor against his method of looking at history. As demonstrated, it was already in existence when Ceská otázka was written, which initiated the mentioned conflict.
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Jiří Weil: Facing the Evil
POLÁKOVÁ, Daniela
This thesis brings the analysis of the characters of books Moskva-hranice (1937) and Život s hvězdou (1949) written by Jiří Weil. It analyses them with heed on the problem of extreme situations while using literature of psychology and ethics of concentration camps or extreme situations themselves (T. Todorov, V. E. Frankl, P. G. Zimardo). At last it follows up the contemporary reviews, which it mediates, comments and puts in wider context. The thesis also contains a short biography of Jiří Weil.
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Masaryk´s criticism of democracy
BERGEROVÁ, Lucie
This Bachelor's degree thesis presents the personality of Tomas Garrigue Masaryk and his attitude to democracy until the First World War. The beginning of this paper presents Masaryk's life and his studies at high school and university. The study documents his political activities and opinions on parliamentary system. It also describes Masaryk's relation to the Czech history. The substantial part of the thesis is composed of the analysis of Masaryk's pre-war works and democratic beliefs. The paper tries to uncover whether Tomas Garrigue Masaryk always supported democracy, or if there were any criticism towards democracy or speculation about it. The study explains Masaryk's opinions on humanity, morality and religion. There are photographs in the thesis' supplement.
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Přemysl Pitter - The Life for Others. Ethical-social Aspects of Historical Profiling his Life and Work
KOCMICHOVÁ, Jaroslava
The work deals with the life and work of Přemysl Pitter, major Czech Christian humanist, representativ of the social learning, education and journalism in the 20th - 70s of the twentieth century. Introductory chapters are devoted to his childhood and youth, especially his personal reflection of the suffering experienced at the frontline on the 1st World War, which influenced his future life guidance and practical activities. Other parts of the document is characterized Pitter{\crq}s destiny and social work for others - the poor, downtrodden, necessary - in the context of the radical social and political changes in the last century. Here is a somewhat more comprehensive text on the history of the fight to save children from a concentration camps and detention camps, after World War II, ie between 1945 - 1947. The last section describes the life and operation of Přemysl Pitter after retirement emigration in 1951, when the World Council of Churches delegated the duty of pastoral and social services for refugees in the camp Valka in Nuremberg in Germany until its repeal in 1962. The final chapter describes the staying and creative activity Pitter{\crq}s exile in Switzerland in the 60s and 70s. The work includes a brief summary of the contents of archival material and archives of Přemysl Pitter and Olga Fierzová in PMJAK in Prague.
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Emanuel Rádl as a Religious Thinker and his Approach Masaryk´s Philosophy of Religion
SAMOHÝL, Jan
Tato disertační práce strukturuje náboženské a teologické myšlení Emanuela Rádla v kontextu jeho filosofických a politických textů. Profesor Emanuel Rádl, osobnost zejména v době první republiky zcela mimořádná, většinou kontroverzní, byl známý svou mimořádnou aktivitou společenskou, publikační i politickou. Cílem této disertační práce je Emanuela Rádla představit jako originálního náboženského myslitele, poukázat na religiózní strukturu jeho filosofického myšlení a tu srovnat z filosofii náboženství jeho učitele T. G. Masaryka.
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