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Antioxidanty ve vybraných odrůdách hrušní
Havlíčková, Barbora
The subject of this master´s thesis was primarily antioxidants in selected pear varieties. Among the pear varieties selected were European varieties ('Williams', 'Erica', 'Electra', 'Beta', 'Conference'), Asian varieties ('Kumoi', 'Ju Li', 'Nijiseiki', 'Shinko') and Asian-European hybrid variety 'Benita'. The content of individual antioxidants in the varieties was determined using the HPLC-MS/MS method. The resulting values were processed into graphs in the Excel program and statistically evaluated using the Statistica program. As part of the cluster analysis, the samples were divided into two groups based on the analysis of antioxidant content. The similarity of the 'Benita' variety hybrid to European varieties was also found. Using the PCA method, the data were divided into four groups. The highest content of total antioxidants was determined in the hybrid 'Benita' (2175,11 μg/g), on another hand, the lowest was in the European variety 'Williams' (277,73 μg/g). Some Asian varieties contained more antioxidants than European ones, while others contained less. It was found that the varieties analysed contained the most procyanidin b1/b2, while procyanidin c1 was not detected in any of the varieties. In the next part of the master´s thesis the development of the pear industry in the Czech Republic was monitored, where the development of the price level and harvest, the average yield, the consumption of pears per inhabitant of the Czech Republic, a foreign trade, a comparison of EU+UK production were monitored According to the obtained data, the 'Conference' variety and the 'Lucas' variety were the most cultivated in the Czech Republic. Annual consumption per person varied between 2,5-3 kg. Compared to the most other EU members and Great Britain, the pear production in the Czech Republic was low (4000-10000 tons/year).
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Staré a moderní odrůdy ovoce v drobném pěstitelství v mikroregionu Bojkovsko
Miškářová, Zuzana
The aim of this work is to identify range and importance of minor cultivation of fruit in the microregion Bojkovsko. This microregion icludes municipalities of Bojkovice, Bojkovice Bzová, Přečkovice, Krhov, Pitín, Rokytnice, Šanov, Komňa, Lopeník, Rudice, Žítková, Nezdenice, Záhorovice, Šumice and Vápenice. Theoretical part of work is focused on gathering information on the history of fruit cultivation in the microregion and the Czech Republic as a whole. Another focus is on the description old and current species of pear trees, apple trees, plums and cherries. These are grown mainly in described miroregion. The empirical part states analysis of species composition and its evaluation for given area to identify the most economical and environmental friendly solution. The results shows that the current trends are to return to old species except plum trees.
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Šlechtitelský potenciál historických odrůd jádrovin
Reichlová, Petra
Modern varieties of pome-fruit lost during breeding some important properties, such as resistance to pathogens or tolerance to worse climatic conditions. Therefore, attention of breeders turns to some old varieties and landraces, which lost its market significance, but which can still offer a wide range of properties useful in breeding of new varieties. The apple breeding aims are focused on locating and obtaining donors of genes for resistance to Venturia inaequalis (causingapple scab), Podosphaera leucotricha (powdery mildew), Erwinia amylovora (fire blight) and Candidatus Phytoplasma mali (apple proliferation). Pear breedingis focused on finding a suitable donors of resistance to Venturia pirina (pear scab), Gymnosporangium sabinae (pear rust), Erwinia amylovora (fire blight). Landraces (local varieties) were often grown under the severe climatic conditions. Over the years they get their adaptability for the environment conditions. Adaptation to these conditions, especially resistance to frost, are one of the characteristics used in breeding.
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Studium genetických vztahů v sortimentu asijských odrůd hrušní
Wolf, Jan
This work was focused on the genetic relatedness of pear trees. The first part of the thessis is focused on the survey of literature about history and distribution of Asian and European pear, description of the varieties and description of biotechnology, especially AFLP. The second part of the thesis is focused on the experimental part. There is described a procedure for isolating DNA, AFLP workflow methods, evaluation and reporting results. In this work there were found out some interesting results. For example was confirmed that the variety Zao Su Li probably belongs to Ussuriensis pear group. Were confirmed close relationships between Japanese pear, Chinese sand pear and Chinese white pear varieties. Interspecific hybrid Hood was identified like probably releated with European varieties. It was as well confirmed, that interspecific hybrids Kiffer and Rafsaz are probably releated with Pyrus pyrufolia (Burm.) Nak.
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Detection and identification of phytoplasmas infecting pear trees
ROHÁČKOVÁ, Helena
Phytoplasmas are bacterial intracellular plant pathogens that can cause devasting yield losses in diverse crops worldwide. Phytoplasmas were detected using molecular methods in pear trees. RFLP analysis revealed the presence of pear decline, apple proliferation, clover phyllody and stolbur phytoplasmas in examined samples singly or in mixed infection.
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