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Fog as a factor contributing to the total atmospheric deposition
Samcová, Anna ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
This paper is a research of scientific literature. Its objective is to evaluate the impact of fog on the total amount of substances entering ecosystems through the atmospheric deposition process. It summarizes the division of different kinds of fog, its occurrence and basic information about its chemistry. Atmospheric deposition is a process in which substances are transported from the atmosphere to Earth's surface. There is a wet deposition type as well as a dry one. The wet atmospheric deposition is then divided into vertical and horizontal. The influence of the wet atmospheric deposition depends on the altitude. From the elevation of 800 meters above the sea level there is a significant increase in the horizontal component of the atmospheric deposition (e.g. a fog). There are several different kinds of fog that are divided according to diverse criteria. For example depending of their origin, the inside visibility or their duration. Fog is commonly found in places with large humidity. In the Czech Republic region the ion contribution of fog to atmospheric definition is quite underrated. Most common ions in the fog deposition are SO4 2- , NO3 - and NH4 + . These easily become a condensation core for droplets. Atmospheric deposition in total is calculated as the sum of wet and dry vertical...
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Approaches to quantification of occult deposition of sulphur and nitrogen from fog and rime
Šrédlová, Kamila ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize available approaches for quantification of occult deposition of sulphur and nitrogen from fog and rime. Atmospheric deposition is a complex of processes by which pollutants are transferred from the air to the earth's surface and therefore it contributes to the atmosphere's self-cleaning. At the same time it represents an input of these pollutants to other components of the environment. Atmospheric deposition consists of dry deposition, which occurs in the absence of precipitation, and wet deposition, which occurs during precipitation. Wet deposition further consists of a vertical component (rain, snow, hail) and an occult component (fog, rime, hoarfrost). The common approach to quantifying total deposition nowadays is simply combining dry plus vertical wet deposition. But when applying this approach and neglecting occult deposition we are likely to substantially underestimate the true total deposition (e.g. Hůnová et al., 2011). This means we don't know the actual amount of pollutants transferred to the environment. The importance of occult deposition rises with increasing altitude (Lange et al., 2003). Occult precipitation also often contains higher concentrations of ions and stays longer in contact with the vegetation than vertical precipitation. There are...
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