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Vyhodnocení růstové intenzity jalovic na jejich reprodukční a užitkové vlastnosti
Voldánová, Eliška
The main aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate effects of holstein heifers growth factors and their subsequent reproduction and milk production. The heifers were rear in the same conditions and also their subsequet reproduction and milk production took place in the same stable. No significant (p> 0,05) differences in the weight of heifers weighed a tage of 225, 335, 445 and 580 days were demonstrated for heifers after the sires of the line NXB and for heifers after the sires of the line NEO. Similary, there was no evidence (p> 0,05) of the influence of the order of mother´s lactation on the growth ability of the heifers. From the reproductive indicators of the heifers, the age of embed, the age of calving and the insemination index were monitored. The heifers were most often embed at the age of 13 months. The best age if calving was from the age of 22 to 23 months. Significantly (p <0,05), the best insemination index was found out in heifers from mothers on the 4th and higher lactation (1,17). The best insemination index was shown on the group of heifers which weighed during their time of embed between 400 to 440 kg. The milk production was better after the sires of the line NXB (10556 kg). In terms of grouping by maternal lactation, the best performance was held by heifers after the mother on the 2nd lactation. The content of fat was the similar (about 4 %) in all groups of heifers. The content of protein was similar for all groups of heifers (3,36 %). The best milk production was achieved by heifers calved at the age of 23–24 months. This group had the highest content of fat and proteins. The most favorable milk yield was shown in heifers weighing between 400 to 440 kg at the time of embeding. This group also had the highest fat content, but conversely the lowest protein content.
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Vyhodnocení ukazatelů užitkovosti a dlouhověkosti ve vybraném stádě holštýnského skotu
BUNKOVÁ, Olga
Cattle farming is one of the most important branches of animal husbandry both in Czechia and worldwide. Cattle is the largest source of milk for human consumption in the world. Its digestibility and high contain of protein are reasons why cow's milk and dairy products have been ireplacable part of human diet for millennia. Holstein cattle is a black and white breed known for the highest milk production and great adaptability. Numerous studies have shown holstein cattle is able to adapt to many different climate conditions while keeping its high usability. Main purpose of modern holstein cattle husbandry is increase of production, shortening of calving intervals and lowering age at first calving. That is however closely connected to longevity and especially to the lenght of productive life, which are the deciding factors as the priority is to maintain cattle farming cost effective. The purpose of this work was to research factors that influence production, reproduction and longevity of holstein dairy cattle. One part is deals with observing and analysing herds of holstein cows from two different farms. Collected and analysed information about production, reproduction and life expectancy were compared using appropriate statistical methods.
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Evaluation of indicators of performance and longevity in dairy herd of red Holstein cattle
VONDRA, Vojtěch
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects selected for milk production, fertility and longevity in dairy herd of Holstein cattle (RED). Data processing for the thesis was collected from cows that ended the lactation period from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013, ie during the previous inspection year. From the reports were selected information on lactation, genotype, milk yield, meantime, service period, due to retirement, days of lactation and age at first calving for each cow separately. By tracking and a total of 274 cows Holstein cattle (RED) genotypes R1 (R88% or more), R2 (R76% - 87%) and R3 (R51% - 75%). There were statistically significant differences (P <0,05) milk yield of dairy cows with genotype R3, divided by lactation. When the third lactation had the highest yields (8,520 kg of milk). In the thesis was relationship between age at first calving and lifetime performance (rxy = -0,21). The relationship between age at first calving and age at retirement wasn´t demonstrated. Other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The highest yield of dairy cows in the investigated group reached the second lactation (7571 kg of milk). The average time of insemination interval was 71 days, best service period amounted to dairy cows on the third and higher lactation (107 days). The average length of the interim reporting for dairy herd does not exceed the limit of 400 days. Shortest age at first calving cows reached genotype R1 and R2 (777 days). Longevity culled dairy cows in lactation was 2,8.
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Analysis of utility and fertility of a cow herd of Holstein breed
ZETKOVÁ, Jana
The point of the work was to make an analysis of milk production an and fertility and to attest dependence of milk production and fertility in the holstein cattle herd. Background materials were acquired especially from milk production control and cattle accompanying documents. Data of 251 dairy cows were worked up. Big problem of the high producing dairy cows is the low fertility. That is why the work was focused on analysing of milk production and fertility index. Service period, insemination interval and interval were analysed out of the fertility index. Milk production, proteins and fats percentage content represent the efficiency. The results show the high selection of cows out of the herd. It result shows from a number of included heifers. Most frequent reasons of selection are health condition, low milk efficiency and fertility disorders. Average efficiency in control increases. On the other hand the protein contest in milk is weak. A breading aim 3,3% was achieved only in year 2003 (3,32%). Milk production increases from the first to the third lactation. Milk production is decreasing from the fourth lactation. Fat percentage content increases to the third lactation, then it stagnates. The protein content goes down with number of lactation. Required interval length to 400 days is exceed in all lactation. Service period is to high regardless of lactation number. Insemination interval increases to the third lactation, then it decreases, but it is nonconforming all the time. The results show that fat and protein content decreases with milk production. The high milk production was reached on cows calved in autumn (8920,77 kg) and in winter (9231,48 kg). Data of cows calved in spring and in summer are almost the same. The results evidence general rule, that fertility decreases with increasing milk production.
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Conflicts in international relations. Case study: Schleswig-Holstein War in 1864
Novotná, Markéta ; Veselý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šauer, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is conceived as a case study which analyses regional conflicts on the example of the Schleswig-Holstein War (also referred to as the German-Danish War or the Second Schleswig War) in 1864. At the beginning, the issue of regional conflicts in general terms is examined. Afterwards, the complicated development of both regions is analysed since it was the reason of the war between Prussia and Denmark, as a matter of fact. The conflict itself is showed as a part of the european events which were happening in the middle of the 19th century. The diverse impact on the development of both countries participating in the war is presented. While the outright victory of Prussia contributed to her consolidation and was a substantial step towards the unification of Germany in 1871, Denmark was thoroughly defeated and turned into one of the small negligible european countries. Finally, the ultimate solution of the Schleswig-Holstein question after the first world war is implied.
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