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The influence of nitrogen fertilization on the wheat quality
DVOŘÁK, František
The theme of this Diploma's thesis was wheat grain quality parameters as a function of nitrogen fertilization. For this purpose, four varieties of winter wheat were chosen (Crossway, Megan, Kalbex and Bonanza) and small scale experiment was coducted on the grounds of the South Bohemian University in Ceske Budejovice. The monitored indicators were the quantity of ear per m2, quantity of grain in the ear, weight of thousand grains, yield of individual varieties, content of nitrogen substances, wet gluten content, sedimentation value and falling number. The nitrogen fertilization rates were set as follows: 50 kg.ha-1, 90 kg.ha-1, 120 kg.ha-1.
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Vyhodnocení efektivnosti aplikace dusíku v minerálních hnojivech při pěstování ozimé pšenice
Ovchinnikova, Tatiana
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen application in mineral fertilizers in winter wheat cultivation. The results of an international competition on crop management practices of this crop conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz, Ltd. in the years 2014-2018 were processed. A total of 279 variants of crop management practices were compared in small plot field experiments (2014-46, 2015-51, 2016-56, 2017-64, 2018-62). The indicators chosen for evaluation were the total nitrogen dose (kg/ha), grain yield (t/ha) and crude protein content in the grain (%). Grain yields were significantly influenced by the weather conditions in each year. In all years, with decreasing total nitrogen dose, the variability of grain yield gradually increased. A significant increase in grain yield variability was observed for total nitrogen doses lower than 140-150 kg/ha N. Nevertheless, some variants of crop management with low nitrogen doses achieved yields comparable to variants with a total nitrogen dose higher by 50-60 kg/ha N. These economically beneficial results were achieved by optimizing all cultivation measures during the crop management in accordance with the properties of the cultivated variety and the course of the weather. A reduction of nitrogen consumption by 50 kg/ha, reduces the risk of nitrate contamination of the environment and also represents a saving of CZK 2,714/ha, at the average price of nitrogen of CZK 54.3/kg in commonly used mineral fertilizers in 2022. The change in nitrogen doses also affected the content of crude protein in the grain. In all years, a negative relationship was found between the yield and crude protein content in the grain. With an increase in grain yield by one tonne per hectare, the crude protein content in the grain decreased by 0.12-0.35%, and on average by 0.24%.
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Vliv antropogenních vstupů dusíku na strukturu a funkci ektomykorhizních společenstev smrkových lesů
CHOMA, Michal
The effect of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs on the structure of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in Norway spruce forests was investigated. With the use of soil DNA amplicon sequencing, ectomycorrhizal communities were described in spruce forests exposed historically to different anthropogenic N deposition and experimental manipulative N treatments. This information was put into context with soil biochemical properties and rates of soil processes involved in C and N cycling in order to reveal possible consequences of ectomycorrhizal community restructuring for soil and ecosystem functioning.
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Vliv rozmístění živin v půdním profilu na konkurenci mezi plevely a plodinou
Panoc, Jan
Nitrogen is one of the most important part of nutrition of winter wheat. However, if in the crop are weeds capable of using nitrogen more efficiently, the area-wide fertilization can make competitive ability higher for weed, after that there is a reduction in the yield of wheat. Example of weed with this ability is cleavers (Galium aparine). Possibility how we can eleiminate this weed ability is using precision placement of fertilizer under the crop row. The aim of this thesis is finding out of positive effects of precision placement of nitrogen fertilizer (calcium nitrate) in comparison with area-wide fertilization for reduction competitive ability of cleavers against wheat. The experiment was containerized and was run in a growth room with controlled conditions. Based of the experiment, it was found, that competition of cleavers was decreased by precision placement of fertilizer but growth of wheat was decreased too because of higher nitrate availability in the soil. This method of fertilization does not produce the expected effect for better wheat competitive ability.
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PĚSTOVÁNÍ PŠENICE V SETRVALÉM ZEMĚDĚLSTVÍ
PETÁKOVÁ, Šárka
The aims of the bachelor study titled Wheat Production in Sustainable Agriculture were to compare wheat production levels of organic and conventionally managed fields, namely, to assess the influence of the fertilization regime on the formation of yield elements and also, to assess the overall yield ability of selected winter wheat varieties. A small field with winter wheat varieties located on the university grounds was used as an experimental site for this study. The site is located in Ceske Budejovice in South Bohemia at an altitude of 380 m, with average annual temperature reaching 7.8 °C and with the average rainfall of 620 mm. Four varieties (two hybrids nad two lineages) were examined under three different fertilization treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer (clover-based). The study has found that the choice of the variety appears to have most impact on the overal yield. Hybrid varieties outperformed lineage varieties in overal grain yield, despite the fact that lineage varieties produced higher results in regard to the following yield factors: the number of plants, offshoots, ears, grains in the ear per m2 and weight of 1000 grains. The choice of fertilization treatment seemed to influence the crops outcomes less substantially than the choice of the variety per se. While the influence of the fertilization treatment was secondary, nitrogen-fertilized plots produced the highest grain yields (7,78 t.ha-1),, organic fertilization (clover) produced average results (7,59 t.ha-1), and the the lowest yield has been predictably produced in non-fertilized site (7,05 t.ha-1).
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Technologie pěstování a vliv hnojení N na výnos silážní kukuřice
DOLEŽAL, Jiří
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of nitrogen on the formation of yield components in maize. The entire work is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and practical part. In the theoretical part of the corn I characterize morphological and botanical point of view. Further described technology of growing maize. In practical part I describe the methodology and workflow. For this work were selected two maize hybrids. I fertilized this hybrids with conventional nitrogen fertilizers. In conclusion, I compare the results of yield componets both varieties and profitability of individual variants.
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