|
|
Detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by separation techniques and mass spectrometry
Žvaková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this work is detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by advanced analytical separation methods and mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis process decomposition of complex organic material take place in the presence of high temperatures and the absence of oxygen. Condensable part of vapours and aerosols forms viscous liquid called pyrolysis oil which is a complex mixture of large amount of compounds. In this work samples from microwave pyrolysis of woodchips and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant Brno-Modřice were analysed. Samples were provided by Bionic Laboratories company. Samples were separated by column chromatography on activated silica. For detailed characterization of each fraction gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection with time of flight analyser were used. Substances that have been identified can be divided into several groups: alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acid and heterocycles.
|
|
|
Application of H-Bonding Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Urban, Michal ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Pour, Milan (referee) ; Šebesta, Radovan (referee)
Over the last 20 years, asymmetric synthesis has seen considerable progress, particularly in the field of catalysis. In addition to enzyme catalysis and transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis, catalysis using small organic molecules also plays an important role in the asymmetric synthesis. Chiral organocatalysts allow the preparation of structurally interesting and optically pure molecules via various activation modes. This work is focused on the use of organocatalysis based on the formation of hydrogen bonds in organic synthesis. Our study was devoted to the enantioselective organocatalytic reactions of ketimines leading to the formation of chiral vicinal centers. The first part deals with the organocatalytic enantioselective addition reaction of α- fluoro(phenylsulfonyl)methanes to ketimines derived from isatin. The reaction utilizes catalysis of a commercially available quinoline alkaloid cinchonine. A series of enantiomerically pure compounds were prepared containing two neighboring stereocenters in good yields of up to 97%, with diastereoselectivity up to 6: 1 dr and with enantiomeric excesses of 70-98% ee. In most cases pure diastereomers were obtained. In the second part of the work a method of enantioselective orgnocatalytic synthesis of bis-spirocompounds containing two neighboring...
|
|
|
Detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by separation techniques and mass spectrometry
Žvaková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this work is detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by advanced analytical separation methods and mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis process decomposition of complex organic material take place in the presence of high temperatures and the absence of oxygen. Condensable part of vapours and aerosols forms viscous liquid called pyrolysis oil which is a complex mixture of large amount of compounds. In this work samples from microwave pyrolysis of woodchips and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant Brno-Modřice were analysed. Samples were provided by Bionic Laboratories company. Samples were separated by column chromatography on activated silica. For detailed characterization of each fraction gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection with time of flight analyser were used. Substances that have been identified can be divided into several groups: alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acid and heterocycles.
|
guest ::
