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The Specifics of the nursing care in catering for long- term dialysis patients
ŠRÁMEK, Kamil
Haemodialysis is a method of removing waste substances such as potassium, urea and excess water from the blood during renal failure. Hemodialysis is one of three renal replacement therapies. Other treatments are a kidney transplant and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis can be performed either in the hemodialysis center, or in a hospital, but home hemodialysis is not too frequent. Eating for dialysis patients differs significantly from the forward dialysis diet period. A well balanced diet is the foundation of everything. The patient may neither be malnourished, nor to have surplus of any components in their diet. A diet for patients in dialysis program must meet two basic requirements; the diet must provide enough energy and substances needed by the body mainly amino acids required for the production of protein, calcium, vitamins, iron, restrict certain substances that accumulate in the body is harmful, for example, fluid restriction, excess protein from which the formation of urea, excess phosphorus, which accelerated calcification of blood vessels, excess potassium, which at high levels in the blood can cause heart rhythm disturbances. Qualitative research was carried out by interview. The interview contained a total of twenty semi-structured questions and was prepared in advance. Each interview was anonymous and each respondent had the opportunity to refuse it. With the consent of the respondent and the ward nurse, the interview was recorded on a tape recorder and later adapted into an electronic form, which became the basis for the research. From the research arose categories. Qualitative research file conducted in hospitals Prachatice, České Budějovice and Třebíč. The research sample consisted of five respondents in the Nemocnice Prachatice a. s. Another research sample consisted of five respondents in Nemocnice Třebíč and two respondents in the Nemocnice České Budějovice a. s. All respondents were patients who regularly attend to hemodialysis centers in these cities. Interviews with respondents were conducted from February to April 2014. In the Nemocnice České Budějovice a. s. the research survey was conducted with the consent of the Deputy for nursing care, Mgr. Kyselová. In Nemocnice Prachatice a. s. the research survey was conducted with the consent of the head nurse in the hospital Janoušková and in the Nemocnice Třebíč the research was conducted with the consent of the Deputy for nursing care Mgr. Andělová. The results of the survey provide mapping meals in the hospital for long-term dialysis patients. The benefits of the research will be to develop an information leaflet on the topic: The importance of catering for dialysis patients.
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