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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Morfocytometric investigation of haemocytes in comparative hematology
ŠUBJAK, David
Standard haematological procedures in preclinical toxicity studies are mostly carried out on mammals, more recent haematotoxicological models represent invertebrates because they can be used in the screening of myelotoxicity. In the present study, we examined haemocytes of Culex pipiens as a new potential alternative haematological in vivo model. Preparations for microscopic analysis were made from the hemolymph stained by Pappenheim's method for overstriking morphology and by toluidin blue and AgNOR for overstriking nucleoles. Microscopic photos were processed by image analysis and size of cells, nuclei and nucleoli were evaluated. Six types of haemocytes were found: granulocytes, prohemocytes, spherulocytes, plasmatocytes, adipohemocytes and oenocytes. Thanks to image analysis we made a morfometric profile of each type of haemocytes and set the nucleolar coefficient. We described significant differences among prohemocytes, plasmocytes and oenocytes size. On the grounds of nucleoles size we divided haemocytes to next two significant groups. Image analysis seems to be very helpful for distinction among various haemocyte lines but we cant use it for generally separation without personal control thanks to presence of statistically significant findings for only some comparisons cell types.
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