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Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measuring
Vítová, Hana ; Chmelař, Milan (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
Goal of my master´s thesis is examination of non-invasive blood glucose measurement methods, and designing of device for non-invasive blood glucose reading. The introductory chapter of thesis contains description of know different methods for blood glucose measurement, mainly Near Infra-Red region (NIR) measurement with spectroscopy methods. This project describes pathology of Diabetes Mellitus, specifies how it is divided, and looks also on human metabolism. The theoretical part contains exploration of blood glucose measurement methods. Thesis continues with system scheme design for non/invasive glucose measurement device, based on present knowledge. Major principle of device is measuring with Infra-Red laser, bifurcate optic fiber and photodiode. Design of printed circuit board is also present. Document contains also designs of software diagrams for calibration and processing program written in C# language. Communication between device and computer is made via USB. Microcontroller with C language program is part of designed device. It is used to send measured values into PC and also receives data from computer. This data determines blood glucose concentration and their thresholds.
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Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measuring
Vítová, Hana ; Chmelař, Milan (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
Goal of my master´s thesis is examination of non-invasive blood glucose measurement methods, and designing of device for non-invasive blood glucose reading. The introductory chapter of thesis contains description of know different methods for blood glucose measurement, mainly Near Infra-Red region (NIR) measurement with spectroscopy methods. This project describes pathology of Diabetes Mellitus, specifies how it is divided, and looks also on human metabolism. The theoretical part contains exploration of blood glucose measurement methods. Thesis continues with system scheme design for non/invasive glucose measurement device, based on present knowledge. Major principle of device is measuring with Infra-Red laser, bifurcate optic fiber and photodiode. Design of printed circuit board is also present. Document contains also designs of software diagrams for calibration and processing program written in C# language. Communication between device and computer is made via USB. Microcontroller with C language program is part of designed device. It is used to send measured values into PC and also receives data from computer. This data determines blood glucose concentration and their thresholds.
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Hypoglycaemic conditions requiring rapid arrival of emergency services in South Bohemia
VACKOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis deals with the hypoglycaemic states that is not only a complication for diabetes mellitus disease but there are other diseases such as Adisson's disease or congenital hyperinsulinism. Hypoglycaemia can be for some people life endangered state, mainly if the state is not recognized in time or if an effective therapy is not started. The rapid therapy is crucial and should be started within the first speared symptoms to prevent the state get worse. The thesis acquaints the reader with the major gland's anatomy that influences the glycaemia, then the pancreas and its function and its hormones function. The major hormones are insulin and glucagon. The both hormones have the main influence on the controlling of glycaemia in the body. However, they are not the only ones factors that influence the blood sugar level. In various literature sources, the different glycaemia values can be found. That is the reason why it is difficult to define the level of hypoglycaemic stat. The thesis includes several definitions of the hypoglycaemia that differ according to the physiological values mentioned in various sources. An important part of the thesis is the chapter about the clinical symptoms. In the chapter, most sources concur. The clinical symptoms can be varied, sometimes not enough specified. After a few first vegetative symptoms (unrecognized hypoglycaemia syndrome can missed them), disorders of consciousness from the conscious to the coma usually appears. The coma is a state when a patient does not react on the surrounding. The following chapter describes the process of hypoglycaemic diagnoses. The process is described both in health institutions and during the pre-hospital urgent care where the possibilities are restricted. The care is a necessary part of the state. If the patient is conscious and is able to cooperate, some sweet drink and some chocolate are the best opportunity for the first help. The ideal tool that could be used during the light type of hypoglycaemia is Glukopur. Glukopur is the pure powder glucose that helps to the body that do not have to split disaccharides as within the sweet drinks and bars. Another topic is the dangers of hypoglycaemia. The dangers include the development of dementia that is often connected with hypoglycaemic states, the brain's damage or the dangerous of the heart arrhythmia. The most serious danger that can appear is the death. The thesis describes the summary of medicaments that can cause hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia can appear as a child inherited metabolic disorder or as hyperinsulinism. One of the chapters deals with this topic. The quantitative method data collection was used for the practical part of the thesis. The departures of The Emergency medical service in South Bohemian Region to the hypoglycaemic states during the year 2014 were searched. From the whole set of cases eight of them were randomly chosen and were described case interpretations that show the way of the emergency service intervention within the hypoglycaemic states. The case interpretations depict the patient's state before the arrival of the emergency service, the way of treatment and the patient's state after it. The evaluated indication by health operation centre is depicted in the following section. These indications do not have to be identical to real patient's state. One of the aims of the thesis was to map the most common factors of chosen hypoglycaemic states that were measured according to the NACA scale, grades IV.-VI. The data were gotten by the crew of The Emergency medical service in South Bohemian Region. The next one aim was to map the indications of the health operation centre and the following patient´s state according to the NACA scale.
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