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The Problems of cultivated examination of stool - bacteriology
KAVALEC, Lukáš
Diarrheal diseases are a global problem. In developing countries, where there is a low hygienic standard and limited availability of medical care, a large proportion of mortality is caused by diarrhea, in developed countries deaths are less frequent. In our conditions the most common infections are salmonellosis caused by the bacteria of genus Salmonella, campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter bacteria, and Enterotoxicoses, which are food poisonings. Gastroenteritis can also be caused by viruses such as moderate adenoviruses, kaliciviruses and astroviruses. Parasitic gastroenteritis is a problem solely for developing countries in tropical areas. In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis I elaborate the general characteristics of diarrhea and the description and possibilities of diagnostics of the most frequent agents of bacterial gastroenteritis. The practical part was processed in the laboratory of the microbiology Synlab in České Budějovice, where I carried out an identification of bacterial agents of infectious diarrhea from rectal swabs by cultivation on suitable media, accurate determination was performed by biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF and agglutination tests for accurate serotyping of strains. From the obtained data and data from the laboratory I elaborated a statistic comparing the laboratory results with the results in the whole Czech Republic. The aim of my thesis was to acquaint myself with the problematics of infectious gastroenteritis, to elaborate a specialized research on the topic, to describe and acquire methods of direct detection of bacteria routinely used in microbiological diagnosis of diarrhea - especially cultivation and statistically compare laboratory results with the whole Czech Republic.
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The most common bacterial originators of intestinal diseases in adults in the Czech republic
KOPECKÁ, Kristýna
My bachelor thesis focuses on the most frequent bacterial causes of intestinal diseases in adults in the Czech Republic. I deal with bacterial intestinal pathogens of Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter genus. The theoretical part characterises the selected intestinal bacterial pathogens and their microbial diagnostics. In the present time of progress various new and modern methods and instruments keep appearing to accelerate and improve diagnostics. But I focus exclusively on methods used as a routine in clinical microbiological laboratories. These methods include cultivation of microbes, biochemical specification and sensitivity tests. The proof by cultivation is a standard procedure. Biochemical tests are used for microbe identification. Antigen analysis is used for further specification of bacteria. Specification of sensitivity to antibiotics for correct therapy is an integral part of this method. The practical part describes laboratory diagnostics of bacterial intestinal pathogens from stool swab used by the accredited microbial laboratory of RNDr. Alena Veselská in Ústí nad Labem, which I performed in practice while on scholarship there. The results summarise laboratory results from the period October 2012 to March 2013. positive results are compared to the data obtained from Epidate of the National Healthcare Institute in Prague included in the report of the Epidemiology and Microbiology Centre. I have further processed finds of intestinal pathogens in the period 2003 to 2012 published in CEM reports. The results show that the most frequently reported bacterial intestinal pathogen in the Czech Republic in the period 2003 to 2006 was Salmonella, followed by Campylobacter. Situation changed in 2007, when diagnosed Campylobacter moved to the top rank in the Czech Republic. In contrast to the two abovementioned bacteria finds of Shigella are relatively scarce.
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