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Personality differences in individuals of various sexual orientations
Fořt, Jakub ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee)
The previous research identified a range of personality differences between men and women of various sexual orientations. Non-heterosexual individuals systematically show higher gender nonconformity and greater openness to experience than heterosexual individuals. Non-heterosexual men also show higher levels of neuroticism compared to heterosexual men. The main aim of this study is to replicate previous findings regarding personality differences. The study further aims to determine whether some of the observed differences in personality factors might be explained by differences in gender nonconformity among individuals of various sexual orientations. Via an online survey, a short version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) and a number of scales measuring gender nonconformity were administered to men (N = 3,418) and women (N = 4,690). In total, 232 individuals identified as asexual, 1,814 as bisexual, 3,024 as heterosexual, 2,468 as homosexual, and 570 as pansexual. Our results demonstrate higher gender nonconformity among non-heterosexual men and women, higher neuroticism among non-heterosexual men, and greater openness to experience among bisexual men and women compared to heterosexual individuals. Asexual women showed lower levels of extraversion than women of other sexual orientations. Gender...
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Factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities and odour awareness
Nováková, Lenka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Vodička, Jan (referee)
The main body of the thesis deals with selected factors underlying the considerable variability in human olfactory abilities and some odour awareness-related measures, addressed in samples ranging in age from middle childhood to young adulthood. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part (Chapter 1), first presents the major advances and developments that brought about something of a renaissance of scientific interest in the human sense of smell, including the recent proliferation of psychophysical studies, both basic research and clinical. Next, an outline of olfactory psychophysical measures and related olfactory abilities that are of relevance to the studies presented in this thesis is provided. Subsequently, the selected factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities, that have been addressed by this thesis, are reviewed, namely the effect of sex (or gender), which is approached from a developmental perspective, childhood gender nonconformity, and personality. Finally, intraindividual fluctuations in olfactory performance are also mentioned in brief. Next, the focus shifts to odour awareness by first introducing the various approaches that can be adopted to get closer to the real-life context as opposed to laboratory setting (where most olfactory studies continue to be...
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Factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities and odour awareness
Nováková, Lenka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Vodička, Jan (referee)
The main body of the thesis deals with selected factors underlying the considerable variability in human olfactory abilities and some odour awareness-related measures, addressed in samples ranging in age from middle childhood to young adulthood. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part (Chapter 1), first presents the major advances and developments that brought about something of a renaissance of scientific interest in the human sense of smell, including the recent proliferation of psychophysical studies, both basic research and clinical. Next, an outline of olfactory psychophysical measures and related olfactory abilities that are of relevance to the studies presented in this thesis is provided. Subsequently, the selected factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities, that have been addressed by this thesis, are reviewed, namely the effect of sex (or gender), which is approached from a developmental perspective, childhood gender nonconformity, and personality. Finally, intraindividual fluctuations in olfactory performance are also mentioned in brief. Next, the focus shifts to odour awareness by first introducing the various approaches that can be adopted to get closer to the real-life context as opposed to laboratory setting (where most olfactory studies continue to be...
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