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Hodnocení experimentálních linií ječmene z hlediska tolerance k suchu a rezistence vůči padlí
Slabá, Veronika
Drought is considered as one of the most important abiotic stress factor, which can cause a severe impact on agriculture. The development of new cultivars of barley is therefore more focused on improving of abiotic stress tolerance to drought, as well as on maintaining of good health status, appropriate yield levels and quality parameters. This work was aimed at evaluation of barley cv. Tadmor, which is specifically adapted to drought and can be potentially used as a source of drought tolerance in barley breeding programmes. F5 generation lines derived from reciprocal crosses between cv. Tadmor and cv. Jersey (advanced European spring malting barley) together with parent cultivars were cultivated at two sites (Brno, Žabčice). The assessment was aimed at traits associated with yield (thousand grain weight - TGW, percentage of sieving fraction over 2.0 mm, grain yield per plant) and quality (protein and starch content). The effect of water-limited conditions at Žabčice site was demonstrated particularly in the TGW and the percentage of sieving fraction over 2.0 mm, while the lines from Tadmor x Jersey cross sustained the stress significantly better than those from Jersey x Tadmor cross. The lines grown in Žabčice reached in average a higher level of protein content and a lower level of starch content. The significant effect of genotype was detected only in protein content and was non-significant for starch. The reaction of selected lines on osmotic stress was studied in and independent experiment under controlled conditions. The plant stress reaction was evaluated according to changes in osmotic potential in leaves and accumulation of proline. Lines with Tadmor as a female parent showed higher values of osmotic potential in comparison with those derived from the reciprocal cross. The increase in osmotic potential under stress was strongly associated with the content of proline. The last part was focused on evaluation of susceptibility to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis. The symptoms of powdery mildew on experimental lines were assessed in field and the lines, which were classified as resistant/susceptible, were further analysed for the presence of mlo allele. According to the results all resistant lines carried mlo9. With regard to all evaluated parameters, positive reaction on physiological drought stress and genetically controlled resistance against powdery mildew two lines can be recommended for further work.
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