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Use of the Products of Innovative Methods Applied for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewaters
Ulrichová, Alena ; Švehla, Pavel (advisor) ; Hanč, Aleš (referee)
The thesis gives an overview of the various innovative processes removing nitrogen compounds from waste water leading to the production of materials potentially usable in agriculture. Information was sought primarily in foreign scientific articles published in journals with impact factor.
Review is focused on the use of algae for wastewater treatment, while the attention is paid to the possibilities of agronomic use of algal biomass produced in the process of wastewater treatment. Algae using in wastewater treatment is field which offers many ways to improve the cleaning process. First, it is possible to choose the most suitable algae taxon for the type of waste water. To the algae can be applied knowledge of genetic engineering and finally the cleaning process can be improved by the technology used for the cultivation of algae. Algal biomass cultivated in sewage treatment plants can be used in agriculture as fertilizer or feed and nutrient supplement or as a biofuel.
In this review were also studied physico-chemical processes of removing nitrogen compounds from waste water, with an emphasis on the use of their products in agriculture. In the study is described the precipitation of struvite, which reduces the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater and its product can be used in agriculture as a fertilizer rich in phosphorus and nitrogen. Its use in organic farming has been advised a group of experts from the European Commission. Ammonium ion can be obtained by stripping from the wastewater. Stripped ammonium ion can than be collected it into acid, which is reacted to form an ammonium salt usable in conventional agriculture as fertilizer. Zeolites with its high sorption capacity, provide the possibility of capturing nutrients from wastewater and its application to the soil is provided a slow release of these nutrients. However, it is necessary to prevent the sorption of heavy metals that would be released from the zeolite to the soil and cause the toxic pollution.
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