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Fytoplazmy ovocných dřevin
Návratová, Marie
This bachelor thesis deals with general problems of phytoplasma fruit trees. The latest knowledge of phytoplasma detection and protection against them are processed in subchapters. The bachelor thesis focuses on three specific diseases. General characteristic of Pear decline phytoplasma, European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma and Apple proliferation phytoplasma is described.
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Méně známé choroby révy vinné
Baťková, Romana
With the growing possibility of detecting pathogenic organisms were recently described the newly discovered diseases in grapes. Bachelor's thesis describes the theoretical nature of these less known diseases that occur in different wine producing areas of the world. These diseases were divided according to the type of originator on mycoses, bacteriosis, viruses and phytoplasmas. Each chapter is given a general description of these diseases, their occurrence, symptoms and recommended protection. Finally the potential danger of these pathogens in the conditions of viticulture Czech Republic was indicated.
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Detection of phytoplasmas using DNA-microarrays
MARKOVÁ, Jaroslava
The aim of this thesis was to optimize the method of detection of phytoplasmas using DNA-microarray. It consisted of testing an appropriate method of genetic material isolation, development and optimization of PCR to amplify different groups of phytoplasmas, optimization of detection of DNA at a microarray, and sequence analysis of phytoplasma in order to design more suitable probes. PCR was first optimized for collection isolates, then also for natural samples. All 16Sr groups from the collection were sequenced and phytoplasmas were detected in them by hybridization. Phytoplasmas were detected also in natural samples: oilseed rape (species Brassica napus), red clover (Trifolium pretense), purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), and apple tree (Malus domestica). Using the DNA from insect vectors, only sample 202/6 from the group 16Sr-XII was positive. The sequence of red clover and oilseed rape correspond with the database samples in the group 16Sr-I "Aster yellows".
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The Study of the genetic variability of phytoplasmas
ROHÁČKOVÁ, Helena
Phytoplasmas are bacterial intracellular plant pathogens that cause devasting yield losses in diverse crops worldwide. Phytoplasmas were detected in clover and Catharanthus roseus plants, pear, apple and apricot trees. SecA and 16S rRNA genes, spacer region and 23S rRNA gene of five phytoplasma isolates were sequenced.
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Detection of phytoplasmas using PCR amplification of selected fragments from the phytoplasma genome
MARKOVÁ, Jaroslava
Phytoplasmas are bacterial pathogens of plants. They can cause devastating losses of yield of diverse crops. It is necessary to find reliable detection technique for detection of phytoplasmas disease. The easiest and the cheapest technique is just PCR (polymerase chain reaction) which is used to selective amplification of selected parts of the molecule DNA. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find of optimal primers to amplification of selected fragments of phytoplasmas genome in one-step PCR and use this technique in detection of phytoplasmas. A collection of phytoplasmas from professor Bertaccini with 37 samples was used for this study. It was tested 16 natural samples by optimized primers. Phytoplasma was detected in strawberry root. Research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation, Grant No. GP 522/09/P545.
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Stady of apple proliferation phytoplasma diversity in the Czech Republic.
STREJČKOVÁ, Monika
Phytoplasmas are prokaryote organisms of the Mollicutes class. So far they have been described on more than 800 plant species. Apple proliferation phytoplasma, which classifies in the ribosomal subgroup 16Sr X-A (Apple proliferation, AP, ?Candidatus Phytoplasma mali?), belongs amongst the agriculturally most important phytoplasmas. AP is considered a quarantine organism in Europe and in North America. Common symptoms caused by AP are as follows: notably enlarged stipules, which are morphologically like real leaves ? they have petiole and lamina; the edge of the stipules is irregularly dentate small fruits with fewer seeds and reduced flavour quality premature reddening of leaves, witches' broom appearance, abnormal growth of shoots in the autumn, repeated blossoming DNA isolated from trees suspected to have AP present was tested in the presented thesis. The trees originated from the gene pool, mass production planting as well as from planting of small producers. To detect phytoplasma, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used with the subsequent analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). To detect and differentiate AP phytoplasma subtypes, direct PCR with primers rpAP15f/rpAP15r amplifying the DNA of ribosomal proteins rpS3 and rpl 22 with subsequent restriction breakdown by AluI enzyme.
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Detection and identification of phytoplasmas infecting pear trees
ROHÁČKOVÁ, Helena
Phytoplasmas are bacterial intracellular plant pathogens that can cause devasting yield losses in diverse crops worldwide. Phytoplasmas were detected using molecular methods in pear trees. RFLP analysis revealed the presence of pear decline, apple proliferation, clover phyllody and stolbur phytoplasmas in examined samples singly or in mixed infection.
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