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Taxonomy of selected groups of the genus \kur{Caloplaca}
ŠOUN, Jaroslav
The thesis deals with phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature of selected groups of the lichen genus Caloplaca. Particularly, the C. cerina group was closely investigated using molecular methods (ITS sequences), morphology and chemistry, based on material from Europe, and to some extent also from North America and western Asia. This approach resulted in the description of three new species (C. sterilis, C. subalpina, C. thracopontica), and detected an unexpected richness of lineages. Nomenclature, taxonomy, morphology and ecology of C. aurantia and C. flavescens from the C. aurantia group were studied in detail, including selection of the neotype of the former species. Their distribution was reviewed for the territory of the Czech Republic. Poorly known taxon C. aurantiomurorum from Algeria was lectotypified and synonymized with C. aurantia. Apart from the two groups, C. phlogina and C. scythica, differing partly in thallus colour and distinctly in distribution, were examined using both molecular (ITS sequences) and phenotypic data and found to be conspecific.
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Systematics of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of the family Baetidae
SROKA, Pavel
The current thesis reviews a cross-section of studies dealing with several problems of systematics of the mayfly (Ephemeroptera) family Baetidae. It is based on classic morphological characters as well as molecular-based methods in order to solve specific taxonomic problems and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the selected taxa.
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Phylogenetic relationship of living Equidae
PERNEROVÁ, Ludmila
This thesis deals with a phylogeny of living Equidae based on an available evidence (morphology, behaviour, chromosomes, mitochondrial and nuclear genes) and using maximum parsiomony and Bayesian approaches; and ILD, PBS analyses which are able to recognise incongruences between specific character partitions. My results are relatively very robust and rational in comparison with published studies. My thesis consists of a review (literature, GenBank) and obtaining of many sequences by myself.
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Evolution of Arvicolinae: a phylogenetic approach
ROBOVSKÝ, Jan
The topic of the presented thesis is evolution of the arvicoline rodents (Cricetidae) using the phylogenetic approach. Phylogenetic relationships within the Arvicolinae were examined based on two genes (mitochondrial cytb, nuclear GHR exon 10) and approx. 470 morphological, developmental, behavioural, ecological and cytogenetic characters. The thesis consists of four related topics: (i) Phylogeny of arvicoline rodents (Robovský et al. 2008: Zool. Scr. 37: 571-590); (ii) Fossils, phylogeny and morphological evolution in the Arvicolinae (Rodentia: Cricetidae); (iii) Enamel, diet and habitat evolution in arvicoline rodents (Cricetidae); and (iv) Vole population cycles: evolutionary history or actual life histories?.
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Meta-analysis of methodological artifacts of the phylogenetic imbalance.
SMRČKOVÁ, Jana
The influence of possible methodological artifacts (e.g. type of data or tree construction methods) on the tree topology was evaluated. A total of 413 phylogenetic trees was downloaded from the tree repository TreeBASE. Three indices of topology imbalance were employed, namely, Fusco & Cronk index, weighted average, and Colless index. The study reveals that methodological artifacts have probably a weak influence on the tree shape. Therefore, patterns in tree balance could reflect macroevolutionary processess, not a methodological bias.
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Phylogenetic analyses of myxosporeans based on the molecular data
BARTOŠOVÁ, Pavla
This thesis is focused on the assessment of the phylogenetic position of the Myxozoa within the Metazoa, study of the evolutionary relationships within myxosporeans and investigation into the cryptic species assemblages of several myxosporeans based on the ribosomal and protein-coding data. The major part of this work was to confirm the evolutionary trends within myxosporeans based on a single gene by other molecular markers in order to find out if the reconstructed relationships correspond to the real organismal phylogeny. This has been a crucial step for future actions in solving the discrepancies between the myxosporean phylogeny and taxonomy.
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Could fur characters be a source of phylogenetic information?
VOLDŘICHOVÁ, Marie
This work analysed phylogenetic utility of several characters associated with basic coloration, moulting and whorls in Cervidae via comparison of these traits with relatively robust phylogeny of this group based on several morphological, ethological and molecular data. I was able to detect probable evolutionary history of some selected traits, their ancestral state and synapomorphies of recognized clades.
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Evolution of selected enzymes of the shikimate pathway and the haem biosynthetic pathway in Rhodophyta (class Florideophyceae)
VORÁČOVÁ, Kateřina
Diatoms derived their plastid from red algae through the secondary endosymbiosis. Most of the endosymbiont genes have been transferred from the engulfed alga to the secondary host nucleus, therefore evolution of these genes correspond to the evolution of plastids rather than to the evolution of the host organisms. Similarly, genes coding for ferrochelatase and DAHP synthase from diatoms are closely related to those from plants and green algae. Contrary to this, red algal genes do not cluster within this clade. I tried to amplify and sequence genes coding for ferrochelatase and DAHP synthase from representatives of the class Florideophyceae to investigate their phylogenetic position.
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