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Strategie minimalizace výskytu patogenů v klasech pšenice
Jurčík, Milan
The proposed work aims to describe the agents causing diseases of winter wheat, and their elimination strategies. The initial part is dedicated to the significance, division, traditional and less traditional types of utilization growing, and wheat characteristics. This part is followed by information on production and growing areas in the Czech Republic during the last decade. Furthermore, the significance of the genetic factor for the yield formation process of wheat is described and so are the key grain quality parameters. Resistance of wheat varieties to pathogens based on genetic resistances as well as resistance-promoting passive mechanisms (type of flowering, spike density and plant height) is mentioned. Moreover, agrotechnical measures ensuring elimination of pathogens occurrence in stands (seed quality, forecrop, soil processing, sowing time and depth, nutrition and health condition, choice of fungicide and the time and method of its application) are specified. The majority of the paper focuses on diseases that damage wheat spike and the causing agents of these diseases, including proposed strategies of their elimination in stands.
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Protection of spring barley with fungicides
BOJAROVÁ, Jana
The history of cultivating barley dates back to the beginning of conscious agriculture, accompanying humans together with wheat, as the second oldest grain. It is not possible to understand the current role barley plays in our economy only from the perspective of its use of malting, although we regard it as a priority, both in light of breeding and cultivating, and its research. With regard to the short growing season, the weaker root system and its biological character, barley reacts sensitive to stressful conditions of all kind, and thus also to any br1eeding mistake. Throughout its entire vegetation period, spring barley is exposed to the pressure of a number of fungal diseases. Especially in regard to the malting barley, it is necessary to fight against this danger effectively. High demands are put on the quality of malting barley and diseases can - to a large extent - decide on economic breeding results. It says: For successful breeding of malting barley, its outcome is the tax of the complex breeding proceedings. The fight against fungal diseases is a significant part of agricultural engineering. A series of preparations against fungal diseases exist and further registrations of preparations continue to occur. The laboratory Kluky s.r.o. is one of the companies that makes registered experiments of the preparations. Within this recognized laboratory, the experiment of monitoring diseases of the spring barley was carried out while applying chosen beneficent substances.
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