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Effect of spruce swamp forest drainage and restoration on soil organic matter quality
MASTNÝ, Jiří
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of spruce swamp forest drainage and water regime restoration on soil organic matter (SOM) quality. Six localities of spruce swamp forests in Šumava Mountains were studied (2 drained, 2 restored and 2 pristine). SOM quality was affected by long-term drainage. Spruce swamp forest restoration (3-7 years) did not have significant effect on SOM quality although other parameters (pH, bulk density, water level, plant coverage) changed.
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Radiotherapy of breast cancer
TRAKALOVÁ, Barbora
Diagnosis code C50 represents malignant neoplasm of breast. It is the most frequent tumour disease in women. In 2009, 5975 cases were newly diagnosed in women in the Czech Republic and 1607 women died of this disease. There exist many risk factors which can cause tumour such as hereditary disposition, age, menses, menopause and other factors. At the same time, we can influence many factors and so prevent the disease. Prevention is also important, whether in the form of self - investigation of breast or mammography screening, which is recoverable by insurance from the age of 45. Treatment of breast carcinoma includes a lot of medical modalities such as surgical, hormonal and biological treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This thesis deals in more details with radiotherapy which is irreplaceable in treatment of this disease. Radiotherapy is a treatment of malignant and benign tumours by means of ionising radiation. In order to treat patients with radiotherapy, a team of doctors and radiologists shall create an individual radiation plan for them including the exact target volume, critical organs, radiation technology, fractionation and particular radiation exposure, radiation position and many other data necessary to accurate irradiation. A technology of two tangential fields is the most applied technology at breast cancer treatment. This technology is also applied in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. where I have created a file of 60 patients with breast carcinoma treated on oncology department in the year 2011. There have been used 536 verification images on the whole, it means 1608 evaluation. In course of treatment a patient should have an identical radiation position, which is reached with irradiation and fixation aids. However, from various reasons small or bigger deviations from the optimal position happen and therefore a possibility of irradiation of another volume than the required target one can occur. It is necessary to be aware of the fact that during a treatment of oncology patients there can often appear change of weight, change of body shape of a patient and at advanced stages even also change of physical state and movability of a patient. Therefore large deviations can happen in patients with breast carcinoma namely for example in case of breast deformation or abnormal loss of weight due to the treatment. In Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s., the maximum allowed deviation for vertical, lateral and longitudinal axis is stated 0,7 cm and for rotation 3°. I have noticed the acquired deviation values from verification images into a chart and consequently into a figure where are shown the average deviations and frequencies of these deviation in particular axes for each radiation field. The biggest deviation has happened in vertical axis and the average deviation in that axis was 0,29 cm. The maximum allowed deviation was exceeded only at 3 %, so at 45 deviation from the total evaluation. This thesis should prove the fact that verification images enable to prevent possible errors during radiotherapy. This hypothesis has been confirmed because only 3 % evaluation exceeded the maximum allowed deviations. Verification images enable us to disclose wrong irradiation position, therefore only the target volume is irradiated and follows no irradiation of the surrounding healthy tissue and critical organs.
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Indirect speciation of mercury in soils and sediments with cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Jitka
In the diploma thesis have been tested four extraction techniques for isolation of organic forms of mercury from sediments (liquid liquid extraction, microwave extraction in liquid liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and extraction with use of ionic exchange) followed by determination of mercury by atomic absorption spectrometer AMA?254. It has been achieved great results during liquid liquid extraction likewise ionic exchange extraction. Reached percents of orgHg were in accord with certified reference material for sediments CRM-580 and corresponded to 86,44 ? 16,63 %, resp. 87,01 ? 29,22 %. Thanks to a simple procedure, extraction speed and ease of determination of organic forms of mercury contain was first of all (in the first instance) verified a method with use of ionic exchange, whose principle and procedure is very elementary. This technique was applied to a number of real sediment samples collected from water tanks Jordan and Skalka. It was approved that this method has been presenting a suitable alternative to chromatographic methods or methods of electro?migration.
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Sediments of the Orlík resevoir
Borovec, Jakub ; Hejzlar, Josef ; Jan, Jiří ; Mošnerová, P.
Cílem příspěvku je shrnutí informací o vlastnostech a živinovém režimu sedimentů v podélném profilu nádrže v průběhu vegetační sezóny. Jsou ukázány rozdíly v jejich základním složení a ovlivňování vodního sloupce. Zejména je věnována pozornost rozdílu složení sedimentujících částic a sedimentu, teoretickému uvolňování živin ze sedimentů a jejich potenciálu zadržovat fosfor.
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Forms of aluminium in waters and ways of their removing
Tomášková, Hana ; Benešová, L.
The aluminium exists in various species in the environment. The toxicity of aluminium is not only determined by the total aluminium concentration, but also closely related to the aluminium species. Specific aluminium fraction have been analyzed from two drinking water reservoirs Pilská and Lázská in Czech Republic and also in treated water from these reservoirs.
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