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Molecular biology and ecology of microbial decomposition of plant-derived biopolymers in forest ecosystems
Žifčáková, Lucia ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Bárta, Jiří (referee)
The abilities of fungi and bacteria to degrade simple and complex carbon compounds derived from different sources, such as root exudates, litter, soil organic matter or fungal mycelium were studied in this dissertation. Knowledge of functional traits, especially degradation abilities of fungi and bacteria, are important for deciphering the black box of microbial functioning in topsoil and thus aiding in modeling and predicting future directions of microbial communities development in face of global changes. Among fungal cultures form culture collection representing strains with different taxonomy and ecophysiology, the ecophysiology of fungi was more important in manifestation of functional traits than taxonomy. Among bacterial isolates from the litter and soil of spruce forest, Acidobacteria were confirmed to express multiple decomposition enzymes in high rates in vitro and were also abundant and active degraders in acidic spruce forest soil. The expression of degradation capacities of both bacteria and fungi were further studied in situ in spruce forest topsoil, that represents an important environment due to the ubiquity of coniferous forests on the Northern hemisphere. There is an obvious gap of knowledge, when comes to our understanding of seasonal effect on microbial functioning, and this is...
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Management of agricultural landscape and its impact on ion concentrations in running water
MIKEŠOVÁ, Aneta
The aim of this thesis was to compare chemical and physical parameters of surface water drainage patterns in Novohradské mountains and identify the possible impact of agriculture on the values of these parameters. Were used data for 2015 and 2016. Sampling sites include agriculturally cultivated land, but also forest ecosystems. The work is mainly focused on the following parameters: conductivity, pH, alkalinity, NO3-N and PO4-P, which are parameters causing eutrophication of water. The difference between the upper closures flows in forest ecosystems and lower closures flows near the agriculturally cultivated land has been contradictory. Conductivity values clearly showed that agricultural activity deteriorating water quality because conductivity at lower closures flows was sometimes three times higher than conductivity in the forest ecosystems, but for example, the value of PO4-P concentrations were higher at the upper closures flows, ie in forest ecosystems.
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Chemical and physical parameters of surface waters of streams in the Novohradsko area.
BERNASOVÁ, Tereza
The content of the bachelor thesis was the comparasion of chemical-physical parameters of surface waters in Novohradsko. The data, which were used in the thesis, were taken in 2014. Individual sampling points were differed in their management practices and types of ecosystem. The monitored parameters are associated with eutrophication: conductivity, pH, KNK4,5, nitrates and phosphates. Based on the results we can claim that the sampling points of agroecosystems reached higher values of the selected parameters. The biggest differences were detected in conductivity. The values of conductivity were oscitalled from 51,8 mS cm-1 to 164,4 mS cm-1.
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Chemical parameters of surface waters in selected model ecosystems of the cultural landscape.
STRNADOVÁ, Johana
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the concentration of chemical parameters in five streams in Novohradské hory. Individual sampling points were different with their types of ecosystem, management practices, vegetation composition of growth and subsoil. Monitored parameters in forest ecosystems were: conductivity, pH, sulfate and calcium. In agrosystems observed parameters: electrical conductivity, pH, calcium, chloride and nitrate. The collected data generated graphs for the years 2005 - 2010. Based on the results we can say that natural mixed forest resists concentrations of sulphates and prevents the acidification of surface water. In contrast with spruce monoculture where surface water has the lowest pH because the sprice forest captures haigher quantitty of sulphates. Chemistry of water in agroecosystems corresponds to the flow through the landscape, which is used for economic activity. This was most evident in the stream, which in the upper sampling point flows through spruce monoculture and conductivity there was only 65 ?S.cm-1. On the contrary conductivity was substantially higher 175 ?S.cm -1 in the lower sampling point. Conductivity value of stream flowing through wet meadows, was 191 ?S. cm1. The measurement results confirmed that the water reaches the higher conductivity in the managed landscape.
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Sustainable management of forest ecosystems - indicators of biodiversity
HOŠKOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis is devoted to the topic of biodiversity and indicators for sustainable production of forest ecosystems. The work is conceived as a literature review of the problems and tries to view the various topics, with the problems that are closely related. Attention is focused on the individual chapters in particular summary (search) basic knowledge related not only to the nature and persistence of forest ecosystem functions of forests in terms of their environmental stability and durability, especially the work was focused on the identification of the main methods for monitoring biodiversity in forest ecosystems. The main objective of this work is to compare conventional and natural regeneration of forest ecosystems, and on this issue was also seen in terms of soil organisms (invertebrates), which can be considered as indicators of changes in biodiversity in forest ecosystems.
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Influence of timber harvestings on forest ecosystems in Šumava National Park.
VOKÁČ, Otakar
The consequence of the differentiation of a care of forest ecosystems in NP Šumava is the existence of localities where timber harvesting causes damage to forest ecosystem. One of the most affected ecosystems is the soil ecosystem. The surface is usually disrupted by numbers of passing over the same path the machines. Forwarders are the harvesting machineries that execute the largest number of passes in the forest. The aim of the diploma work is to gain and analyse data dealing with harvesting technologies, and to evaluate their impact on soil ecosystems. The impact was determinate from measuring of the recessing of the track in the surface, of the soil compaction and of the soil sampling for determination of an amount of the water in the soil. The data were measured in different selected localities in NP Šumava. The negative influences of the harvesting technologies were defined for both {--} water and air regime of soil. Recommendation for reduction of negative consequences of the harvesting on soil are parts of diploma work as well.
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