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Štítná žláza prasat
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Petra
Thyroid gland is very important endocrine organ that interferes with a number of processes in the body. Sufficient iodine saturation of animals is essential for optimal production of thyroid hormones. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to determine iodine supply of slaughter pigs and morphometric parameters of thyroid glands in selected individuals. The study included 27 castrated hybrids of Czech landrace and Pietrain. Iodine content in urine was determined using the Sandell - Kolthoff spectrophotometric method. Thyroid parameters were determined microscopically: length, width, outer and inner area of the follicles and thyrocyte height. The representation of individual size categories of follicles was also determined. The average content of urinary iodine in the observed group was 350.8+-184.3 ug/l, the maximum was 608 ug/l and the minimum was 76 ug/l. Optimally saturated with iodine was 44.44 % of individuals, 11.11 % had a deficiency and 44.44 % an excess of iodine. The average length of the thyroid follicle was 149.3+-64.8 um, width 105.9+-50.6 um, outer area 16810.6+-18030.0 um2, inner area 14318.4+-16985.2 um2 and thyrocyte height 6.2+-2.6 um. In the thyroid glands was 9.4 % small, 62.8 % medium and 27.8 % large follicles. In the selected group of individuals, the impact of different iodine saturation of animals on all monitored thyroid parameters was demonstrated.
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The condition of thyroid gland of slaughter cattle
PEKSA, Zdeněk
Thyroid is very important for the proper functioning of metabolism. Its hormones have a major impact on the correct development of metabolism.The aim of my work was to identify and evaluate various histometrical parameters of the thyroid gland in cattle. It was total collected 23 pieces of the thyroid gland (from 19 cows and 4 bulls). In determining the weight of the thyroid gland differences were found between cows and bulls (average value of the weight of the thyroid gland in bulls reached 33.28{$\pm$}8.12 g in cows this indicator reached a value of 55.12{$\pm$}35.52 g). It was also found positive correlation between (r = 0.33) weight of the thyroid gland and age of animals. One of the most important histometric parameters of the thyroid gland was the length of follicle. By the help of this criterion follicles were divided into three size categories. The large follicles in bulls reached at average 273.25 {$\pm$}86.75 {$\mu$}m and in cows 269.63{$\pm$}81.75{$\mu$}m. The size of medium follicles in bulls fluctuated around an average 124.3{$\pm$}26.77 m and in cows 122.92{$\pm$}24.94 {$\mu$}m. The small follicles in bulls take the values at average 31.33{$\pm$}7.24 {$\mu$}m and in cows 58.96{$\pm$}11.81 {$\mu$}m. Furthermore, differences in the percentage representation of separate size fractions of follicles were found. The percentage reprezentation of large follicles in bulls was 37.92{$\pm$}6.22 % and 28.29{$\pm$}14.77 % in cows. There were 49.17{$\pm$}5.35 % medium follicles in bulls and 39.80{$\pm$}9.05 % in cows. Small follicles were present in 8.75{$\pm$}3.82 % in bulls and 31.91{$\pm$}16.27 % in cows. The high of epithelium in cows reached a value 8.87{$\pm$}1.84 {$\mu$}m, 9.59{$\pm$}1.25{$\mu$}m in bulls. It was also found a negative correlation (r =- 0.62) between the weight of thyroid and high of epithelium. In sheep, it was found 28.72{$\pm$}15.46 % of large follicles, 40.78{$\pm$}7.87 % of medium follicles and 30.5{$\pm$}11.34 % of small follicles. In lambs there were 3.28{$\pm$}3.48 % of large follicles, 57.38{$\pm$}20.51% of medium follicles and 39.34{$\pm$}23.15% of small follicles. The height of the epithelium in sheep was 6.19{$\pm$}0.49 {$\mu$}m and in lambs 6.00{$\pm$}1.18 {$\mu$}m. Exept this indicator, statistically significant differences (P<0,05) were found between all the other indicators of sheep and lambs.
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Thyroid gland of calves
GRÉK, Miloš
There were thyroid glands of 4 calves examined in this work. Calves were of the Holstein breed and were observed during the first 3 months of their life. Investigated parameters included levels of thyroid hormones and their relation to TSH, age related changes in Ca, Mg, P, protein, urea, triglyceride and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GMT) levels in blood plasma, length, width and perimeter of follicles and height of follicular cells. Mean total T4 content was 72,56+-17,76 nmol/l, T3 3,22+-1,04 nmol/l and TSH 0,94+-0,32 ng/ml. There was a positive correlation between the hormones and their free forms, and between T3 and TSH. T4 level rose with age, while T3 level fell. Protein and urea content rose with age as well, triglyceride and GMT content dropped. Ca, Mg and P content was relatively stable during the whole experiment. A higher number of small and medium sized follicles were observed in the thyroid glands. Mean follicle length was 86,24+-45,36 microns. Follicular cells reached a mean height of 7,95+-1,30 microns. All of the follicular parameters were highly individual, except follicular cell height.
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Ontogenetické změny štítné žlázy králíka
BLÁHOVÁ, Kateřina
The literature review of this thesis describes the thyroid gland in terms of morphology, physiology, microscopic structure, and its prenatal and postnatal development. The practical part focused on the monitoring of morphometric changes of the thyroid gland during the first 39 days of postnatal development at 24 New Zealand white rabbits. Morphometric measurements carried out were: the circumference, length and width of follicles and the height of thyrocytes. At birth, the average circumference of follicles was 134.54 ? 7,81m, with length of 41.85 ? 0.93 ?m, width of 39.45 ? 4.05 ?m, and the average height of thyrocytes was 5.12 ? 0.06 ?m. The measurements were repeated in 39 days of age (at the end of the experiment) with the average circumference of follicles being 231.53 ? 37.95 ?m, length of 71.09 ? 12.19 ?m, width of 68.97 ? 10.02 ?m and the height of thyrocytes 5.69 ? 0.42 ?m. All parameters with the exception of thyrocytes showed increased values. On average the circumference of follicles from birth to 39 days of age changed by 72.1%, the height of follicles by 69.9%, with the highest difference in width by 77.4%. At the age of 5 days the reduction in follicle size was observed, possibly due to the adaptation of thyroid gland to the postnatal period.
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