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Mappings in geometry
Trkovská, Dana ; Kubát, Václav (advisor)
This diploma dissertation is dedicated to applications of geometrical mappings. It is intended as a tuitional material specially for students of the third year of the mathematics teachers programm at Mathematical and Physical faculty of Charles University in Prague. The text can be used as a supplementary material for a seminar at secondary school as well. It is based on lectures of the course Geometry II. Students are familiar with the term mapping already during the lessons at elementary and secondary schools. Therefore in the diploma dissertation we at first give only a summary of basic knowledge about mappings in geometry, in the language of mathematics textbooks. Next part of this thesis includes theoretical knowledge about mappings in geometry in the form of definitions and propositions together with their proofs. A great part is dedicated to characterization of affine mappings, specially isometries and similarities. At the end circular inversion is explained as an example of a mapping that is not affine. For better imagination the whole text is complemented with a number of figures. Theoretical part is followed by a collection of exercises. Of course, solutions of all exercises are given.
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Combinatorial problems on permutations
Wolfová, Mária ; Slavík, Antonín (advisor) ; Rmoutil, Martin (referee)
In its theoretical part, this thesis sums up the basic knowledge concerning permutations. Besides the representation of permutations and determination of their fundamental characteristics, the theoretical part is, first of all, aimed at results concerning the decomposition of permutations into disjoint cycles and at finding the number of permutations with a certain characteristic. We introduce the fundamental bijection that is useful for solving many problems concerning the permutations. Further on, we focus on the number of permutations without a fixed point, Eulerian numbers expressing the number of permutations with a given number of descents, and the number of permutations with a given number of excedances, Stirling numbers of the first kind expressing the number of permutations with a given number of cycles, and Catalan numbers representing the number of permutations avoiding a chosen pattern of length three. Attention is also paid to the Gilbreath permutations and their characteristics. The practical part consists of 14 solved problems. The solutions rely on the results presented in the theoretical part, and there are deduced some further interesting results concerning random permutations.
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Mappings in geometry
Trkovská, Dana ; Kubát, Václav (advisor)
This diploma dissertation is dedicated to applications of geometrical mappings. It is intended as a tuitional material specially for students of the third year of the mathematics teachers programm at Mathematical and Physical faculty of Charles University in Prague. The text can be used as a supplementary material for a seminar at secondary school as well. It is based on lectures of the course Geometry II. Students are familiar with the term mapping already during the lessons at elementary and secondary schools. Therefore in the diploma dissertation we at first give only a summary of basic knowledge about mappings in geometry, in the language of mathematics textbooks. Next part of this thesis includes theoretical knowledge about mappings in geometry in the form of definitions and propositions together with their proofs. A great part is dedicated to characterization of affine mappings, specially isometries and similarities. At the end circular inversion is explained as an example of a mapping that is not affine. For better imagination the whole text is complemented with a number of figures. Theoretical part is followed by a collection of exercises. Of course, solutions of all exercises are given.
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