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Hmyzí škůdci ovocných dřevin v sadech postižených tornádem
Mančíková, Radka
Observations of insect pests were carried out in 2022 and 2023 on domestic apple trees in two orchards in the Hodonín region, in Lužice, in an orchard affected by a tornado, and in Prušánky. During the observation of overwintering stages of pests, a total of 6 159 individuals from two orders, four families, were recorded in 2022. The most abundant family was Diaspididae (5 922 individuals), followed by Tetranychidae (151 individuals), Psyllidae (63 individuals), and Aphididae (22 individuals). In 2023, there was a significant decline in the abundance of representatives of all families. On average, the abundance of pests was higher in the experimental plot in Prušánky. Two species – Aphis pomi and Eriosoma lanigerum – were recorded during aphid observations during the growing season. A total of 733 colonies were recorded, the species distribution was roughly the same in both plots. The apple trees damaged by the tornado had the lowest number of aphid individuals. Using a pheromone trap for Cydia pomonella, its occurrence was confirmed in both experimental plots. The observation period was from 1 May to 31 August, and two peaks of occurrence were recorded during this period. With beating, total of 331 individuals, 7 insect species from 5 families, were recorded during the period from 22 August to 25 September. The most abundant species was the apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) (80 individuals).
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Factors affecting efficacy of pheromone lures for spruce bark-beetles
Zahradníková, Marie ; Holuša, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Emanuel, Emanuel (referee)
This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of defensive techniques against the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) with a primary focus on pheromone traps and selected factors affecting their efficacy. The factors tested are the setup system of pheromone traps and type of pheromone dispenser baits, the effect on the efficacy of pheromone traps of increasing evaporated pheromones, a comparison of the biological efficacy of different types of pheromone dispensers and an assessment of their impact on the swarming curve. In addition, an evaluation of non-traditional methods of forest protection against the spruce bark beetle (water spraying of whole landings, efficacy of insecticidal sraying of whole landings, and the use of insecticidal nets) was conducted and the possibility of the spruce bark beetle s sex determination was also examined.
When comparing the systems of pheromone traps installation, (1) the standard way was along the stand edge with 20 m space and (2) traps concentrating in the centre of clear cut adjacent to each other with different baiting, the most effective way was found to be the standard trap arrangement and the system with traps installed in line with the dispenser in each pheromone trap. Efficacy decreased with a lower number of pheromone dispensers. The influence of increased amounts of evaporated pheromone on efficacy was tested. Pheromone traps with one, two or three dispensers were compared and it was found that a trap s efficacy was not increased with a higher amount of released pheromone. The Pheagr IT and IT Ecolure Tubus dispensers showed unchanged effectivity throughout the flight activity of spruce bark beetle, but other dispensers need to be replaced according to the instructions since their efficacy decreases, thus affecting the swarming curve. Trying to determine the sex of the spruce bark beetle by selected morphological parameters shows that the gender can only be reliably determined by an autopsy of genitals.
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Evaluation of the pheromone lure efficiency to trapping of the clerid beetles of genus Thanasimus
Zachová, Zuzana ; Lukášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Holuša, Jaroslav (referee)
This work was focused on the comparison of the clerid beetles genus Thanasimus trapped in pheromone trap and poisoned trap (tripod) and comparison of spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) flight activity with his predators genus Thanasimus during the swarming in the spring.We were using two different methods during out trapping.. The first method was the poisoned trap = tripod baited with the lure Pheroprax and the second was barrier trap baited with lure Thanasiwit. Both traps were placed in the same locality. Individual species were monitored during their spring swarming through regular withdrawals.
The research showed that the tripod clerid beetles responded significantly more - 67 individuals than to the plate trap - 4 individuals. Clerid beetles flight activity was lasting during the entire observation period and culminated on June 9, 2015. The species T. femoralis dominated in the trapping of clerid beetles, however, his flight acitvity did not correlate with the flight activity of I. typographus. The species T. formicarius flight activity correlated positively with the spruce bark beetle during the spring swarming on the other hand.
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Comparison of the flight activity of spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in two regions
Presslová, Šárka ; Lukášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Holuša, Jaroslav (referee)
This study of the flight activity of individuals of a subfamily of Scolytinae, namely the species Ips typographus, is focused on a time period and the numbers of individuals during swarming. Two areas were monitored, the Boletice military district and Libavá military training grounds between 10 April and 11 September 2015. Ten Theyson plate-type traps withPheroprax pheromone evaporators were deployed in the studied areas. The traps were regularly chechked in 5 - 7-day intervals. The light activity of the bark beetl and numbers of its generation were monitored. A total of 92,368 individuals of I. typographus were caught, of which 15,820 occurred on Horní Planá, and 76,548 in the Libavá habitat. These figures show that the habitat in Libavá, which is at a lower elevation, has a much higher population density of spruce bark beetle in the forests than on Horní Planá. The analysis og the captured specimens showed 2 peaks of flight activity on Horní Planá, which can be considered major swarming, and 3 peaks for Libavá, of which 2 major peaks are considered major swarming and 1 affiliated.
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Ekonomická efektivnost způsobů odchytu kůrovců
Bauer, Jan
The bachelor thesis compares the usual capturing device for (Ips typographus L.) in terms of economic efficiency on the number of captured beetles. The topic has been studied literature, compiled a literature review to assess the first ways of trapping bark beetles, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different variants of capture (SWOT analysis). On the basis of analysis were selected to meet the objectives of the two most common variants of capture - tree traps and pheromone traps for which was determined by the economic efficiency of capture based on observation and investigation variant of traps in one year and by comparing the type (Ips typographus L.).
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