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Optimalizace výživy a analýza vybraných ukazatelů produkce mléka
PAČESOVÁ, Kristýna
The fundament of this diploma thesis represents the nutrition of dairy cows which is affected by the quality of conserved forage. Within the evaluation of nutritional value were also comprised the factors of housing and watering of dairy cows. All indicators were observed during the years 2019 and 2020, under operating conditions. The optimization of the feed rations was performed, based on the feeding program assessment, to increase the milk yield. During both observed years, the main type of feed was corn silage. In 2020, 55 % of forage and 43 % of the total feed was represented by corn silage. Mixed feed rations for lactating dairy cows contained less dry matter (45 % in 2019 and 43.58 % in 2020), as well as a lower concentration of energy. In the context of raising productivity, it was proposed to increase the concentration of NEL in feed rations and keep the optimal values of nitrogenous substances (in the year 2020 - 162.5 g/kg of dry matter) and fibre (NDF). After the evaluation of milk yield, it was statistically proven the influence of the season on the fat and protein content in milk. Between the years 2019 and 2020, the average daily milking efficiency increased by 1.9 L/one dairy cow. In 2019, the price per one litre of produced milk was 8.43 CZK, in 2020 the cost was reduced to 7.52 CZK. Both observed years were profitable, in 2020 the profit increased by CZK 7,368 per one year and one dairy cow. The company had a lower cost per one dairy cow in a comparison with the average cost in the Czech Republic. Subsequently, the new feed ration resulted in a daily yield of 34.43 L/one dairy cow. The feed ration was enriched by corn in the form of CCM and molasses. On the contrary, the "GPS" feed was discarded.
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Factors affecting productivity indicators of beef cattle
KRÁLOVÁ, Alena
The aim of breeding suckler cows is same as the aim of any other activity- achieving the best results. Aspects like the quality of food, the corresponding energy value and correct feeding in terms of health and production, play an important part in nutrition. The concentration of energy of feed, within the group observed, for suckler had value of 5.4 MJ NEV. Preserved feed without undesirable content of butyric acid was graded as very good accordingly to the class of quality. The biggest cost item is the cost of feed. In a particular company, the price of feed for a cow with a bred calf represents 42% of total costs. The revenues from breeding of cattle are based on incomes from calves sales or fattening of them and their subsequent sale. An important part of an economic efficiency is a good fertility of cows. In a particular farm, the fertility for 2013 was 89% and 90% for 2014.
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