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Využití hub bílé hniloby při bioremediaci polutantů
Nedvědická, Žaneta
Pharmaceutically active substances are a significant group of pollutants. Due to their presence in the environment and the difficult degradation, the interest of the scientific community in this issue has increased. An alternative to the current degradation processes of these substances is the action of white rot fungi, due to their effective non-specific enzymatic system. The practical part of my thesis focuses on the possibility of biodegradation with six white rot fungi strains Phellinus rhamni, Schizophyllum communae, Phellinus robustus, Ganoderma resinaceum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor. The Trametes versicolor strain was selected based on a screening focused on the growth potential and degradation abilities. This strain was used in the experimental part of my thesis for the biodegradation of selected pharmaceutically active substances - namely in the form of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs sold over-the-counter: Aspirin and Paralen. During the experiments, the decrease of drug concentrations and the activity of lacasse as a representative of the ligninolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of pharmaceutically active substances were monitored spectrophotometrically over time. This was conducted in a nutrient medium under cultivation with Trametes versicolor. During experiments conducted 15 days, the fungus demonstrated the ability to break down both studied drugs, which was successfully proved by the 100% degradation in the medium. The decrease in drug concentrations was accompanied by an increase in laccase activity. The results showed that under the experimental conditions, laccase was an active extracellular enzyme. Biosorption and possibly intracellular enzymes also contributed to the removal of pharmaceutically active substances. Based on the measured data, Trametes versicolor is one of the best candidates for decontamination in practice and could be used to reduce the ecotoxicological impact of pollutants present in wastewater, food, textile, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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