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Využití fytoterapie v chovu koní
HAVLÍKOVÁ, Natálie
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to conduct research on phytotherapy and herbs used in horse breeding and internal parasites and their developmental stages. Breed-ers are increasingly paying attention to the health care of horses, and for that reason they tend to use unconventional medicine, such as herbs. The research focused on monitoring the effectiveness of a herbal mixture by WILD HERBS s.r.o. which supports against internal parasites, and recommenda-tions for the use of herbs in horse breeding. Monitoring took place on a farm in Mažice, where horses received a mixture fed in several stages by a feeding machine. After feeding the mixture, a coprological examination followed. Large and small strongyles, horse roundworm and horse tapeworm were found in the monitored farm. A clear indication of the effectiveness of the mixture when fed was a signifi-cant reduction in EPG values compared to previous years, which was also the goal. The EPG value in 2022 was 273 which is a significant decrease compared to the previous year of 2021 when the average EPG value was 634. The difference in EPG values between seasons was not significant. The value is rather determined by the current weather or the arrival of a new horse in the herd and the resistance of indi-viduals to the infection. The mixture had a very favorable effect on most horses, but at some point, a few individuals had higher EPG values, which could have been de-termined by several other factors. The steps needed to support a partially parasite-free breeding include collecting faeces, dragging pastures and monitoring the level of parasitic infection, giving suitable herbal mixtures and using anthelmintics in case of heavy infection.
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Ecological aspects affecting microbiota in the digestive tracts of birds
Schmiedová, Lucie ; Kreisinger, Jakub (advisor) ; Mrázek, Jakub (referee) ; Gvoždíková Javůrková, Veronika (referee)
The results indicate that songbird GM is dominated by the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, Bacteroidetes and Chlamydia, a community that differs from that of mammals. A t the interspecies l evel, GM composition is mainly influenced by phylogeny and less so by sampling site. While ecological factors , and especially diet , are important GM predictors in mammals, the effect of ecological factors , including diet , have a much smaller effect on inte r - and intraspecific variability in songbird GM composition . Our data from barn swallows ( Hirundo rustica ) suggest an effect of social GM transmission among adults forming social pair s, as well as trans - generational transmission from a social mother to her own nestlings. At the same time, we observed differ ing GM in adults and nestlings, with no dramatic change in GM with nestling age, a process previously recognised in mammals. Part of the GM detected appears to remain stable over time , and is therefore su itable for further detailed study. To conclude, our studies demonstrate that s ongbird GM differs from that of mammals and that the factors influencing GM composition appear to differ from those in mammals , thereby highlighting the importance of study ing mu ltiple vertebrate groups (not just mammals ) when...
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The effect of oribatid mites on the composition of fungal community in pine litter
Černá, Kristýna ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hubert, Jan (referee)
4 Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether oribatid mites affect the variety of fungi in litter of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and if the dispersibility of fungi particles is related to oribatid mite species. To this end, I have prepared several semi-natural systems, in which I observed dispersion of fungi separately and in the presence of two oribatid mite species: Phthiracarus sp. and Adoristes ovatus. I assessed the experiment in two ways, by a cultivation of washed needles on agar medium and direct observation of needles under a binocular magnifier. In the next part of this study I isolated particles of fungi present on the surface and in the faeces of oribatid mites Adoristes ovatus, Porobelba spinosa and Spatiodamaeus verticillipes and compared it with the respective oribatid mite species. The most frequent needles fungi spread by oribatid mites were Oidiodendron maius var. maius, Oidiodendron muniellense, Oidiodendron setiferum, Umbelopsis ramanniana, Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis and Mortierella hyalina. On the mites body surface the most commonly recorded fungi were Beauveria bassiana, Umbelopsis ramanniana, Cladosporium cladosporioides s.l., Cladosporium herbarum s.l. and unknown species of the genus Penicillium. Fungi species Acrodontium crateriforme, Umbelopsis ramanniana and...
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of pheasants
ŠÍP, Pavel
The occurrence of coccidiosis is an enormous problem of pheasant farming. The aim of this study is to show, that this disease can be cured by unconventional dietary supplements. Dietary supplements which were used in this study were as follows: prebiotics (Ascophyllum nodosum), probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum), homeopathics, Sulfacox and scrap from the seed by Vitis vinifera. The experiment took place in the Ranč Daniela farm in the town Hůrka (close to the Horní Planá Town) from 26.7.2014 to 5.10.2014. Six groups of pheasants were made - three experimental groups and one control group. All groups were consisted of 15 individuals. The pheasant Phasianus colchicus was used in this experiment. Dietary supplements were served for two weeks, than the serving stopped for two weeks and continued again. The samples of excrements were tested all the study long using the floatation method in Sheather's sugar solution. The results were marked and evaluated. The favourable effect of Ascophyllum nodosum, homeopatics and Lactobacillus fermentum on the intestinal tract of pheasant was significant.
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