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Sterilization of Roma women in Czechoslovakia in 60. to 80. years in social kontext
MEZEROVÁ, Kristýna
The Thesis definic Sterilization of Roma women in Czechoslovakia in 60. to 80. years in social kontext. The aim of this work is to chart the phenomenon of sterilisation of Romani woman in the 1960s to 1980s. The work will be a contribution to the debate on the non-obvious nature of human rights in totalitarian-run societies and may use in the future to compensate for analogon human rights abuses in other European countries or in other cultural circles. At the same time, it is a contribution to the discussion about the relationship of major companies of developed European countries with Roma or other ethnicities in general, which have difficulty adapting to the pressure of major society. At the same time, the work concerns medical ethics, the so-called biopower and medication of society, high-profile issues. To understand the issue, I outlined the evolution of eugenics and its effect on the sterilisation of Romani women. The work represents both medical and legal considerations. He also discusses the socialist society's attitude towards Roma. The work represents both medical and legal considerations. He also discusses the socialist society's attitude towards Roma. It discusses the consequences of limiting fertility on the women concerned from different aspects. This is research theoretical work, there is a historical method applied, especially analysis of literary sources. In particular, Czech-language but also English-language sources are used in the work. The work attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. What preceded the idea of limiting the fertility of Romani women? 2. Did eugenics affect the sterilization of Romani women? 3. How did socialist society feel about the influx of Roma? How did she consider the possibilities for their culture and fertility restrictions? 4. What were the consequences of limiting the fertility of Romani women in terms of social, psychological and physical?
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The struggle for human dignity in the era of modern eugenics. Molecular genome editing tool CRISPR/CAS9 and its use in human genome therapy from the perspective of theological ethics
Auxt, Miroslav ; Štica, Petr (advisor) ; Fošum, Jan (referee)
The recent breakthrough discovery of the molecular genome editing tool CRISPR/CAS9 represents a complete revolution in the field of molecular biology, biomedicine and other related fields. It is a highly effective biomolecular tool, derived from the bacterial immune system, with which it is possible to introduce precise changes in the genomes of all organisms. The thesis is limited to the ethical evaluation of the use of CRISPR/CAS9 exclusively in human gene therapy. Thanks to its efficiency, simplicity, accuracy and low financial costs, the CRISPR/CAS9 editing tool, in compliance with ethical parameters, already has a broad spectrum of use in therapeutic procedures on somatic or body cells in the treatment of human genetically determined diseases without introducing a change into the future offspring of the given individual. In addition to great therapeutic potential, the application of CRISPR/CAS9 raises many ethical questions related to the possibilities of its further use, possibly misuse. Ethically problematic genetic procedures include: human hereditary genome editing, i.e. the targeted alteration of the genome of sex cells, progenitor cells and cells of early embryonic development stages with the therapeutic goal of eliminating a genetically determined disease associated with the...
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Attitudes of Czechia and Slovakia towards the forced sterilization of Roma women in comparative perspective
Slaninová, Lucie ; Klípa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis is a comparative two-cases study that compares approaches of Czechia and Slovakia towards forced sterilizations of Roma women that was taking place on their territory during several decades. Sterilization is a medical intervention disabling a human reproduction. Sterilizations were set in the seventies in the former Czechoslovakia in accordance with an eugenics ideology of controlling public reproduction and influencing quality of the society. Ongoing differencies between major society and Roma people lasted for centuries in spite of many attempts to assimilate Roma people and that is the reason why Roma women were the target. However, controlling reproduction of population is violation of human rights. For this reason, both countries had to accept apropriate restrictions. The sterilization policy was ignored for a long time, although complaints and activities of victims started to appear at the beginning of this century. All the speaking victims together with many nongovernmental organizations tried to obtain a compensation for victims of this unlawful policy of forced sterilizations. Therefore, state authorities of both countries started to act. First of all, Slovakia started interrogation as a consequence of a report "Body and Soul" in 2003. A new act of health care providing...
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Smokers, Snuffers and Cigarette Smokers: The Representation of the Consumers of Tobacco Products in the Public Sphere between 1864 and 1914
Holíková, Tereza ; Storchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the analysis of the period discourse of tobacco product consumption in the Czech lands between the years 1864 and 1914 with main focus on the unifying and differentiating potential of tobacco. The aim of the thesis is to portray how the tobacco consumer was perceived, whether they were a pipe smoker, cigar smoker, a smoker of cigarettes newly mechanically massproduced in this period or individuals insufflating ground tobacco, usually called snuffers. The thesis deals with the representation of the physical appearance and characteristic attributes of tobacco consumers in period source material. It also tries to depict how the smoking and snuffing by women and children was perceived. This thesis also aims to capture the social distinction that tobbaco consumption was associated with and how it was perceived by individual social groups of the period. The representation of period social space and its segmentation in connection to tobacco consumption is also a part of this research. The thesis also addresses the interconnection of the period eugenics discourse and the tobacco discourse. A wide spectrum of period monographies and periodics dealing with tobacco consumption was analysed as well as selected period illustrations representing tobacco consumption. The source of...
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Conception of Science in the Selected Works by Simon Mawer
Miháliková, Veronika ; Topolovská, Tereza (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explore Simon Mawer's approach to science and to compare the roles of science in his novels Mendel's Dwarf and The Girl Who Fell from the Sky. The description of author's life and its influence on his work with emphasis on the scientific aspects is provided and his opinion on the relationship between science and literature given. The difference between fiction with aspects of science and science fiction is explained and other authors who deal with science in their fiction are exemplified. As Mendel's Dwarf employs genetics and eugenics and The Girl Who Fell from the Sky nuclear physics, the brief development of these scientific fields is described.
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Hrdlička Museum of Man during years 1929-1939 as an example of a popularization of scientific knowledge.
Toman, Petr ; Stella, Marco (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Michal (referee)
This work is part of a broader effort to revitalize the Hrdlička Museum of Man and to research it from a historical perspective. Starting from the view that the popularization of science by museums in general is problematic and a viable topic for the social sciences, the work attempts to focus on the way the exhibition at the Hrdlička Museum of Man was constructed by its creators. This topic is analyzed from three main perspectives: 1st the scientific standpoints and personal worldviews of the creators, 2nd relations between the museum and the public, and 3rd relations between the museum and the nation state; also, the influence of the building process itself is taken into account. The intention of the work is to look at the origin of the Hrdlička Museum of Man within its cultural, social and political context rather than focus purely on a historical description. It is an attempt to bring to light all the "unscientific" phenomena that shaped the exhibition's scientific, objective and authoritative message to the public. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Nazi ideology in relation to persons with mental disabilities
Kučerová, Zuzana ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis "Nazi ideology in relation to mentally ill people" focuses on starting points and ideas of this ideology, which in its consequences led to social exclusion and subsequent systematic extermination of people with a certain handicap. Although the thesis is limited in time from 1933 - 1945, it also follows development line of selected scientific disciplines, which were significantly reflected in the Nazi ideology. Primarily it concerns historical science, medical disciplines, genetics, racial hygiene, eugenic origins and other related disciplines. The thesis also takes into account the economic situation of that time with its many social problems which arose as a result of the new geopolitical arrangement after the World War I and the changes in the social world of that period and it also captures the process of changes in the social status of mentally ill people in the course of history. Last but not least, it describes the practical consequences of these changes, which were "forced sterilization" and "euthanasia" of both children and adults. The Nazi ideology is viewed in this regard from three perspectives: legal, theoretical with a broader historical context and on the practical level in the form of the consequences of the two previous perspectives. Key words: nazi ideology, mental...
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Right-wing extremism and its legal consequences under Nazism and today
Šimonek, Patrik ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of right-wing extremism on the legal order and compares the consequences that activities of right-wing extremists had and have on the law. The basic principles of right-wing extremism, as well as the basic theses on which right-wing extremist ideologies are based, are described in the diploma thesis. The diploma thesis "Right- wing extremism and its legal consequences under Nazism and today" is divided into ten chapters and a conclusion and discusses the manifestations of tribal nationalism in the legal order of Nazi Germany and describes the implementation of Nazi legislation in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The attention is also paid to the development of national particularism, its ideas and to the idea of national exceptionality. However, the idea of national exceptionality puts the unexceptional "others" on the opposite pole of the same axis and subsequently leads to their discrimination and persecution. The law then becomes the perfect tool to discriminate against and persecute these "others". Main attention is thus paid to racial legislation of the Nazi Germany, which were based on conclusions of eugenics "scientists" of the time. The diploma thesis therefore in detail discusses the Nuremberg Laws, as well as other subsequent by-laws,...
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"The Invention" of Intelligence and its Reflection in Czech Pedagogical and Social-pedagogical Discourse, Based on Selected Academic Journals from 1888 to 1944.
Čechová, Anežka ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Herza, Filip (referee)
The thesis deals with intelligence, as a socio-cultural concept that has its own history and development. It thus deconstructs the naturalized notions of a biological "essence" of intelligence, which has not been proved to this day. The scientific and philosophical modes of thinking, that participated in both "inventing" intelligence and its forming, are introduced. The analysis of the primary sources enables to compass the reflection of these dominant scientific approaches towards intelligence in the Czech expert discourses. The thesis also reflects on the important role intelligence has in the assessment of mental norm and disability, and it thus analyses the perception of disability during the defined historical period, including the discourse analysis of the different representations of disability. Key words Intelligence, disability, craniometry, eugenics, pedagogy, medicine, biopower.
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