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Comparison of Pulsating Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluid in Complex Geometry
Kohút, Jiří ; Rudolf, Pavel (referee) ; Jagoš, Jiří (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with pulsating flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. Theoretical part represents necessary theoretical knowledge for pulsating flow and understanding of non-Newtonian behaviour. Furthermore the thesis focus is directed on numerical simulation of pulsating flow in straight, ideally rigid tube and in patient-specific model of human artery, more precisely in carotid. Two methods are used: numerical solution based on finite volume method (FVM) and also analytical solution using Bessel functions by Womersley. Results are validated against experimental measurements of velocity profiles by particle image velocity method (PIV). The agreement between numerical and experimental data with consideration of PIV inaccuracy was was very good from both point of views - qualitative and quantitative. Numerical solution also compare influence of turbulence and non-Newtonian behaviour towards base (laminar flow, Newtonian fluid). Developed methodology is then applied on patient-specific model of carotid, which was renovated from computed tomography. Measurements in vivo in human arteries is very expensive and often invasive. Because of that measurement outputs are limited, most of the time on pressure and flow. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is non-invasive and outputs are through whole domain. Due to these advantages CFD significantly contributes to understanding of hemodynamics influence in cardiovascular diseases.
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Differential Diagnostics of Anaemias from the Morphological Point of View
KLIMENTOVÁ, Michaela
Anaemia is considered to be a worldwide disease and it remains to be a topical one. This thesis tries to stress the importance of correct diagnosis of anaemia, without which correct and effective treatment cannot be adjusted. Although the number of people with anaemia is increasing, a large proportion are unaware of their disease, have not been diagnosed with it and therefore do not treat it. To diagnose anaemia is not difficult, however, differential diagnosis is the key to diagnose it correctly. A great contribution to the differential diagnosis is the description of erythrocyte indices that can be used to determine the exact type of anaemia and their subsequent use in differential diagnosis. The main objective of this bachelor thesis, entitled "Morphological Differential Diagnosis of Anaemia", is the statistical evaluation of the incidence of different types of anaemia, differentiated based on the erythrocyte morphology. Within the practical part of the thesis, blood counts were analysed on an automatic haematology analyser and then the data from the examinations were statistically processed. Excel was used to process all the data. The results of the statistical processing were entered into tables and graphs. Before the statistical processing, 3 hypotheses were defined and tested using a chi-square test which resulted in a level of significance (p). For all three hypotheses, the resulting level of significance was <5%, meaning that all null hypotheses were rejected and in all cases the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Surprisingly, macrocytic anaemia was more frequent than microcytic anaemia in the dataset (20 % of all types of anaemia versus 10 %), but as expected, hypochromic anaemia was more frequent than hyperchromic anaemia (17.39 % of all types of anaemia versus 5.65 %). Normocytic normochromic anaemia was the most represented anaemia in the dataset (62.61 % of types of anaemia). The results obtained from this study may be used for research purposes or as a source of information.
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Comparison of control measurements on different types of analyzers used in ÚKBLD CHLTC of VFN in Prague
Koblasa, Vladimír ; Kvasnička, Jan (advisor) ; Kozák, Tomáš (referee)
Koblasa,Vladimír - Comparison of control measurements on various types of haematology analyzers used by ÚKBLD CHLTC at University Hospital in Prague First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Praha 2, Kateřinská 32 Head of the work: prof. MUDr. Jan Kvasnička, DrSc. Supervisor -consultant: Mgr. Ivana Malíková Blood cell count is essential testing method in hematology, where it is necessary to ensure properquality control. Aim of this study was to compare the results of measurement control materials with defined parameters and the same samples at different haematological analyzers to obtain evidence for the expression of measurement uncertainties. There are used more types of blood analyzers in ÚKBLD CHLTC at University Hospital in Prague, which operate on different principles. For comparsion were selected analyzers using the impedance working principle, where individual blood cell passes between two electrodes controlled by low voltage. Variation of this voltage is recorded and accurately defined for each type of blood cells. It was also chosen analyzer that works with optical detection. Analyzer illuminates the individual blood cell by light beam. A cell that enters into the path of light rays, reduce its optical density incident on the photocell. The change of the light density...
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Production and use of blood products in the Regional Trutnov Hospital.
Rosová, Valérie ; Červená, Gabriela (advisor) ; Honegrová, Barbora (referee)
Title of Diploma Thesis: Production and use of transfusion products in the District Hospital Trutnov. Aim of the work: The aim was to evaluate the production of transfusion products (TP) in the period 2014-2019 at the Transfusion and Hematology Department (THO) in the District Hospital Trutnov and their use for hemotherapy by individual medical disciplines. Futhermore, to compare the production of TP within the Czech Republic together with selected European countries. The incidence of post-transfusion reactions and other adverse events during the reporting period is also included. Material and methods: The methodological part describes the standard procedures of pre- transfusion examination using the column agglutination method from the company Grifols, S.A., laboratory examination of donors and transfusion products manufactured at the Transfusion Department Trutnov. Conclusion: Despite all the recommendations and efforts to reduce the use of transfusion products, this condition has not been proven both in our department, within the Czech Republic and in Europe. This work recommends deleucotization of transfusion products for the national and European part, unification of procedures for transfusion in a given disease, mandatory introduction of NAT testing to minimize the risk of transmission...
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Comparison of Pulsating Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluid in Complex Geometry
Kohút, Jiří ; Rudolf, Pavel (referee) ; Jagoš, Jiří (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with pulsating flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. Theoretical part represents necessary theoretical knowledge for pulsating flow and understanding of non-Newtonian behaviour. Furthermore the thesis focus is directed on numerical simulation of pulsating flow in straight, ideally rigid tube and in patient-specific model of human artery, more precisely in carotid. Two methods are used: numerical solution based on finite volume method (FVM) and also analytical solution using Bessel functions by Womersley. Results are validated against experimental measurements of velocity profiles by particle image velocity method (PIV). The agreement between numerical and experimental data with consideration of PIV inaccuracy was was very good from both point of views - qualitative and quantitative. Numerical solution also compare influence of turbulence and non-Newtonian behaviour towards base (laminar flow, Newtonian fluid). Developed methodology is then applied on patient-specific model of carotid, which was renovated from computed tomography. Measurements in vivo in human arteries is very expensive and often invasive. Because of that measurement outputs are limited, most of the time on pressure and flow. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is non-invasive and outputs are through whole domain. Due to these advantages CFD significantly contributes to understanding of hemodynamics influence in cardiovascular diseases.
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Role of Rnf207b in zebrafish hematopoiesis
Vondráková, Zuzana ; Bartůněk, Petr (advisor) ; Živný, Jan (referee)
Hematopoiesis is the process of proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. Regulation of hematopoiesis is a complex process, which takes place on many different levels and is directed by many signals. RNF207 is one of the perspective genes chosen based on a screen in chicken model, where obtained data show its role in hematopoiesis. The aim of this work was to confirm the role of rnf207b as a new regulator of hematopoiesis in Danio rerio and to find out on which level of hematopoiesis is active. Danio rerio is an excellent model to study the function of genes in vivo, thanks to the easy manipulation of genetic expression and wide range of phenotypes during the development. To study the effect of rnf207b in hematopoiesis of Danio rerio we performed the knock-down of this gene by microinjection of morpholino oligonucleotides into one cell stage embryos. In these injected fish, we saw the effect in both thrombocyte and erythroid lineage, suggesting that rnf207b could be a regulator at the hierarchical level of progenitors or even more upstream. The results of developmental and tissue specific expression analysis then show that expression of rnf207b begins as early as 18 hpf, at the time of primitive hematopoiesis. Although rnf207b is expressed in the kidney (an...
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Morphological changes of erythrocytes in selected diseases
RIEGEROVÁ, Jana
This bachelor's thesis deals with the morphology of ecrocytes and their anomalies related to selected diseases. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the description of individual ecrocyte morphological abnormalities and the description of selected diseases for which morphological transformations are typical. It also aims at the explanation of their importance for diagnosis and disease progress. The practical part comprises description of blood smears microscope evaluation procedure, evaluation of erytrocyte morphology and assessment of morphological transformations in regard to patients' diagnoses. More than 80 samples were evaluated, all of which were collected between 2nd May 2017 and 25th May 2017 at the Department of Hematology in Písek. Selected blood smears containing morphological anomalies. Samples were classified in nineteen categories according to the diagnoses. Afterwards, morphological transformations were evaluated in each category. Frequency of identified abnormalities was assessed and then also their possible impact on the disease was considered. Among three most frequently detected erytrocyte morphological transformations belong polychromasia in 45 samples, anisocytosis in 43 samples and ovalocytosis in 22 samples. The observed morphological transformations were in some cases typical for the basic diagnosis and treatment, in some cases the detected morphology was untypical for diagnosed disease and informed the physician of another possible health issue. Patients with untypical signs in blood smears were consequently subjected to additional tests, which revealed the etiopathogenesis of such transformations. The results thus demonstrate the importance of blood smear evaluation for making a precise diagnosis.
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Preparation and storage of fish samples for flow cytometry
Halačka, Karel ; Vetešník, Lukáš ; Mareš, J.
Flow cytometry enabling rapid measurement of cellular DNA content has been widely used in ichthyology and fishery practice. The aim of the methodology is to contribute to optimization of work on the flow cytometer by helping with the selection, sampling and possibilities of fixation of analyzed tissue and interpretation of obtained data. The target group are people from fishery companies and ichthyologists dealing with the problem of the fish population structure in free water. During the sampling and analyzing of samples problem can be limited availability of fixative and techniques as well as analyzes of material not originally retained for the purpose of ploidy determination. Typical examples are temporary usable or archive preparations, museum material, etc. For the verification were preferred representatives of polyploid complexes or economically exploited species with a known existence of polyploid individuals.
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Cold antibody capture in a hematology laboratory while performing a blood count.
STÁRKOVÁ, Michaela
In my Bachelor thesis I followed up cold antibodies capture in a hematology laboratory during the blood cell count statement. The main goal of this thesis was to point out the possible influence of blood counts through the cold antibodies, practical laboratory methods - measurement of blood count values with hematological Abbott analyser, furthermore influencing the results of setting the cold antibodies through preanalytical phase and finally the assessment of received results in amount of 20 patients. The first part of this thesis focuses on general information of imunohematology which describes antigen, antibodies, structure of immunoglobulins. Moreover I dealt with physiology and blood composition, the blood counts and its parameters. In the end of this thesis there are information of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and cold antibodies including their preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phase. The methodological part of this thesis was carried out in Biochemical-hematological laboratory Stafila s.r.o. All my measurements were made under the supervisory of hematological laboratory assistant. Stating the blood count was made with 24 patients through multiparametric fully automatic Abbott analyser. In that part, I firstly describe analyser specifications. In the following step I indicate the working aids which were used. Finally, there is described the process of the measurements in detail. Within the assessment of the measured values the main attention was paid to red blood line, especially influencing the values of erythrocyte, the hemoglobin, MCH and MCHC. In another part of this thesis are all the blood counts calibres of 24 samples, which I entered into graphs and charts. Out of all 24 measured values I can evaluate that only 4 samples were of unusual values of red line, which can indicate the presence of cold antibodies.
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Anaemia disease models
Vondráková, Zuzana ; Bartůněk, Petr (advisor) ; Stopka, Tomáš (referee)
Hematopoiesis is a process by which blood cells are generated. All vertebrates have two phases of hematopoiesis - primitive and definitive. The main purpose of primitive hematopoiesis is the production of red blood cells, which provide oxygenation to the developing embryo. Other blood cell lineages are established by definitive hematopoiesis. The main function of erythrocytes is oxygen transport to all tissues. When erythrocyte production is decreased or they are damaged due to the membrane, enzyme or hemoglobin impairment, the condition called anemia arises. Sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia are called hemoglobinopathies as they are caused by the damaged hemoglobin. Fanconi anemia is caused by mutations in one of 21 genes of Fanconi anemia pathway, which plays an essential role in DNA repair. Diamond Blackfan anemia is caused by mutations gene for ribosomal proteins. Human cells, Mus musculus, Gallus gallus, Xenopus laevis and Danio rerio seem to be good models for study of this diseases and they are also useful for achieving therapeutical goals.
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