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Detectiono fphytopathogenic quarantine bakterium \kur{Erwinia amylovora} using LAMP technique
KLOJDA, Martin
Erwinia amylovora is phytopathogenic bacterium which causes serious plant disease Fire Blight on pome-fruit and surrounding 200 Rosaceae species. Today this disease is spreading across Europe, the Near East, the Mediterranean, New Zealand, the United States and many other countries. Fire Blight is a very destructive disease. Among the symptoms are scorched leaves, necrosis, cankers, secretion of ooze from fruit and other affected location and watering from fruits. Insects like bees can transport bacterium cells into other blossoms and trees. Due to this fact Fire Blight can spread very quickly and destroy harvests, damage trees and even destroy orchards. There is no protection in Europe except resistence breeding, quarantine arrangement, or using antagnonistic bacterium. Early recogntion of Fire Blight symptoms is a key step in the prevention of more severe consequences. There are many tools in diagnosing Erwinia amylovora including the observation of symptoms, cultivation methods, serological or molecular biological techniques among others. In this paper I demonstrate some of these detection techniques. As the quick detection of Erwinia amylovora is important, I summarize the molecular detection technique LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification), which is a quick, low-cost and very sensitive technique besides other methods because of the isothermal conditions for amplification. Because of this, LAMP may be a suitable diagnostic tool for the detection of Erwinia amylovora.
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Studium možnosti využití termoterapie při eliminaci spály růžovitých u kdouloně
Nečasová, Aneta
The annual shoots of quinces were taken in the spring and summer of 2014 with vegetative sprouts. In the spring they were winter sprouts and in the summer the sprouts were ready for another season. The sources of the annual shoots were quinces grown in Školní zemědělský podnik Žabčice. 14 other varieties of quinces were chosen for testing. The originator of fire blight the Erwinia amylovora was located on these varieties. Different temperature intervals of cultivation were tested where the presence of the patogen could have been eliminated. Moreover the test of pathogenicity in cooperation with Fytopatologie rostlin, which have not proved the presence of that pathogen, while orchard in Žabčice is attacked by it. So there is no certainty in saying that thermotherapy is presenting itself as efficient way to treat this sickness.
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Studium možnosti eliminace spály růžovitých u kdouloně pomocí antibiotik a meristémové kultury in vitro
Šafaříková, Hana
I have focused, in my thesis, on lesser-known species of pome fruit, which is the quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). My disertation presents a characteristic of this tree, introduction to its growing, propagation, it is using and I have also focused on the disease caused by the pathogen Erwinia amylovora, called the fire blight of fruit trees. I have tried to eliminate the disease by using a treatment of antibiotics in meristem cultures under in vitro conditions. It has been processed in total on 22 varieties of quince and 2 samples of annual shoot have been taken at the School of herbaceous farm Žabčice. The first sampling took a place in winter and the second one in summer, subsequently it has been applied a treatment of three kinds of antibiotics diluted in various concentrations all happened under a specific conditions in the laboratory. The illness, for all varieties, has not shown any further pressence after the treatment, but the individual segments were not able to survive longer period of time. The reason was probably a presence of other pathogens occuring in the segments and the curative intervention had no effect on them or a decrease in vitality of buds could have been caused by the antibiotic treatment.
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Hodnocení výskytu patogenů kdouloně (Cydonia Mill.) na lokalitě Žabčice
Zelinková, Hana
The quince is on of untraditional timber species of Czech Republic, that is more seriously studied in last few years. This studies are focused mainly to quince varieties and cultivation. However the sufficient information about diseases of quince is still missing. The description of quince, its cultivation and utilisation is described in this bachelor thesis. The appearence of fire blight of apple and pear (Erwinia amylovora) and apple brown rot (Monilinia fructigena) was observed and assessed at the university orchard in Žabčice. For the leaf blight of hawthorn (Etomosporium mespili) was estimated the intensity of leave descent for each quince variety. The descent of fire blight of apple and pear was most considerable on the varieties 'Kocúrová' and 'Ironda' (100 %), obversely on varieties 'Ukrajinská', 'Úspěch', 'Triumph', 'Šuranská', 'Pinter' and 'Morava' the descent wasn't observed. The microscopic measurement of Monilia genus funghi and E. mespili pathogen conidiums size was realized. The Monilia funghi present on quince was indentified as M. fructigena according to this measurements.
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Diagnostic protocol for Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight
Kokošková, B. ; Mráz, Ivan
The aim of this methodology is optimized diagnostic protocol for detection and determination of the causal agent of fire blight, quarantine bacterium E. amylovora. The disease causes high economic losses in plantations of pome-fruit trees and susceptible ornamental plants, in particular in Crataegus sp. and Cotoneaster sp. Diagnostic protocol is based on a combination of both optimized techniques utilizing different principles of action: immunochemical (immunofluorescent test) and molecular (polymerase chain reaction). The submitted diagnostic protocol alows to eliminate potential false negatives and positives and ensure the highest reliability of results. Specific and timely detection of E. amylovora alows effective application of plant protection measures.
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