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Vývoj epigeické arachnoentomofauny borových porostů v požářišti revíru Bzenec - Moravská Sahara (LS Strážnice)
Prágr, Jakub
Successional changes occurring in the structure and composition of communities of epigeic fauna in the first three (Coleoptera: Carabidae), or two (Araneae) years after the pine stands fire have been studied since 2013 in the territory of the Moravian Sahara (Bzenec, Czech Republic). 11 permanent research plots were established in order to evaluate the response of epigeic fauna and habitat changes after the fire. These included areas deforested after the fire, pine stands severely affected by the fire (27 years) left to natural successional development and pine stands (94 years) with ongoing salvage cutting. Qualitatively equal stands undisturbed by the fire (29 and 78 years) were simultaneously studied. Pitfall traps were used (5 pcs/area) to determine the state of the epigeic fauna. A total of 90 kinds of Carabid species and 151 spider species were caught and determined. The structure and composition of ground beetle and spider communities in locations disturbed and undisturbed by fire differed throughout the observation period. Ground beetle and spider communities of biotopes undisturbed by the fire showed a stable structure and community composition, while in pine stands disturbed by the fire, a gradual increase in species dominance and diversity of heliophilous and xerophilous groups took place. A significant decline in the species diversity of spiders in pine stands disturbed by fire was recorded between 2013 and 2014. Ground beetle communities showed the opposite trend. Ground beetle and spider communities in the surveyed area demonstrated a sensitive link to a change in the microclimatic conditions of the studied habitats; on the basis of changes in their composition, it was therefore possible to infer changes taking place also in the stands, where the effects of fire were not apparent at first glance.
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Epigeická fauna v požářišti revíru Bzenec (LS Strážnice)
Prágr, Jakub
The aim of this thesis was to discover the actual condition of the epigeic fauna of a vast fire area (165 ha) in the first growing season after the fire in a habitat in Bzenec (LS Strážnice). Pitfall traps were used to determine the condition of the epigeic fauna. These were placed on sites deforested after the fire, in vegetation left to its natural successional development in a differentiated age after the fire and concurrently in unaffected vegetation. 16,267 specimens of 226 species of mostly epigeic fauna were caught. The impact of habitat conditions changed by the fire and timber harvesting were closely analysed for Carabidae, Araneae, Opiliones and Myriapoda taxons. There was a difference in the species composition of the epigeic fauna between the sites which were disturbed and undisturbed by the fire. Important factors that caused changes in the development and composition of the fauna after the fire were light conditions, humidity and trophic resources of the site. It was proved that the Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus (Carabidae) and Xerolycosa nemoralis (Araneae) species prefered the sites disturbed by the fire. The Carabus violaceus (Carabidae) or Harpactea rubicunda (Araneae) species were mostly bound to the sites undisturbed by the fire.
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Comparison of the effectivity of shovel cultivator and disc plough and their impact on the epigeic fauna
HAVLOVÁ, Iva
The diploma thesis is aimed at a comparison of tine and disc cultivators by several parameters which are most affecting the quality of a soil cultivation, and in the effect of the epigeic fauna, represented by ground beetles (Carabidae). Experiment was carried out twice during the season (after a harvest of wheat and rape) while soil was being cultivated with disc cultivator Lemken Rubin or tine cultivator Horsch Tiger. The experiment was carried out on the fields of ZD "Vysočina" Zbýšov and measured parameters were: plant residue decomposition, cultivation depth, diameter of aggregates, weed infestation and crop plant emergence, and abundance of ground beetles. Using the statistic tests, it was found, that almost every parameter describing the quality of the cultivation was influenced by the type of the cultivator. Tine cultivator had a higher decomposition of plant residues. This difference was more obvious when cultivating the field after rape harvest (P < 0.001) than field after wheat harvest (P < 0.01). Tine cultivator was more precise with keeping the cultivation depth as planned. Disc cultivator had a higher crumbling capacity. At the higher speed the machines were more inclining to come out of the ground at higher speeds (P < 0.05). A cultivation had a very negative influence on Carabidae population. On a rape stubble there was a 193 specimens caught in traps before the cultivation with two dominant species - Pseudoophonus rufipes and Pterostichus melanarius. Only 41 specimens was found in the traps after the cultivation.
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