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Evaluation of the clover growing system on farms and suggestions for improvement
WEINER, Vlastimil
The bachelor thesis is aimed at describing the system of clover cultivation, which is important for agriculture in the form of improving soil fertility and as a low-cost source of feed. The thesis mainly describes the meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In the first part, the importance of clover cultivation, its characteristics, morphological description and the method of forage conservation are described. Furthermore, the sowing machines suitable for sowing clover and the soil preparation before planting are presented. In the second part, the work focuses on the meadow clover stands (Bonus and Garant varieties) managed by MIRABO a.s. in the Pilsen region. During the year, both the method and date of establishment of the stands and the agrotechnique chosen for the overgrowing stands were monitored. The density of plants per 1 m2, health and yield of individual stands were monitored. All stands were destined for forage harvesting and were subsequently ensiled in silage troughs and silage bags. Subsequently, measures to improve the meadow clover cropping system on this farm were suggested from the data.
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Vliv kvality kukuřičné siláže na mléčnou užitkovost dojnic
BRÁCHA, Daniel
With the ever-increasing demands on milk yield, it is necessary that the present feed is of the highest quality and contains the required nutrients. To fulfill these requirements, the bulk feeds produced, especially maize silage, must be healthy and of the highest quality. The bachelor thesis was divided into two parts. In the first, thus theoretical part, are generally discussed about the silage process and related terms, such as ensilability or silage. However, the majority part of it is devoted to technological silage processes. Following these processes means healthy and high-quality feed. These processes include mainly covering, compactining, filling silage pits and more. From a qualitative point of view, it is important to control the dry matter content, the length of the cut and the degree of grain crushing. Failure of following the recommended the optimal values may mean a degradation of the fermentation process or the occurrence of undesirable microorganisms in the final feed. In a result, the utility and reproductive properties are worsen. The health of the animals may also be worsen. Preservatives can be used to improve the fermentation process and keeping constant aerobic stability during feeding. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to nutrition and feeding techniques of dairy cows, specifically mixed feed ration (TMR), rumen fermentation and milk yield. The practical part was carried out on a dairy farm in Pernarec, which is part of the Úněšovského statku a.s., which agricultural in the northern part of Plzeň. Here were evaluated the annual milk yields and the factors that influence them. The majority part is devoted to the analysis of corn silage and the preparation of TMR. Next were evaluated the qualitative composition of silages and the precision of TMR preparation in relation to the economics of milk production. The possible effect of the weather on milk yield and quality of corn silages was also taken account. Monitored and evaluated were data in the years 2018 - 2021.
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Analýza kvalitativních ukazatelů silážovaných krmiv
NECHVÁTAL, Jaroslav
The aim of this thesis is to analyse chosen characteristics of silage quality. Total of 119 samples of grass silage and corn silage from the year 2018 were analysed. The quality of fermentation was analysed and silage was evaluated according to "Norma 2004", german evaluation system by Kaiser 2006 and slovakian system by Mitrík 2016. All the results were compared. 82 % of samples according to "Norma 2004", 88 % according to Kaiser and 83 % according to Mitrík were classified as the first class of fermentation. The influence of additives was also included in the evaluation of fermentation. The influence of bacterial and bacterial-enzymatic additives on the content of nutrients was observed. The results were compared with the average values of the silage of the year 2018.
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Konzervace kukuřičné siláže
KOZÁK, Jonáš
Corn silage is the cornerstone of the feed base in cattle feed and the main source of energy for the production of biogas stations. On modern farms, therefore, maize (Zea mays) is one of the main crops involved in crop rotation. A large part of the company's economic results is based on the quality of the bulk feed produced. This means that during a relatively short period of harvesting and storage of feed for silaging, the economy of production is decided throughout the year. Therefore, it is the task of management to manage this process so that it produces the highest quality feed at the lowest possible cost. Despite the effects of climatic, economic, political, technological or other influences. Even the fact that silage has a long tradition, ů2unfortunately, in practice, it is often possible to encounter mistakes that lead to the production of low nutritional and even dangerous for the health of animals. Such silage has a negative impact on the entire economic development of the enterprise, and it is therefore the aim of this work to develop a literature search on this subject and to propose measures that will lead to an increase in the level of production not only of maize silage.
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The influence of silage additives for qualitative parameters of grass silages
HANETŠLÉGROVÁ, Petra
The main goal of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of additives on the qualitative indicators of grass silage. The evaluation concentrated in particular on lactic acid, pH and the degree of proteolysis. The selected qualitative indicators were monitored in 36 samples of grass silage from the region of South Bohemia. Silage samples were divided into three groups. The first group was a guide sample without any additives. The second group was treated with bacterial additives and the third group with bacteria-enzyme additives. Classification of silage samples was done according to "Norma 2004". Each sample was evaluated in terms of quality of fermentation and the content of nutrients. Statistically significant differences (p <0.05) were found in the content of lactic acid, pH and the degree of proteolysis between the group of silages without additives and the group treated with silage additives.
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