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Hormonally active substances in the aquatic environment and risk to aquatic organisms and human.
Duisembay, Zhuldyz ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Ezechiáš, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to investigate the presence, sources and impacts of hormonally active substances, or endocrine disruptors (EDs), in the aquatic environment. These substances, including long-lived persistent organic pollutants (POPs), e. g. pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and non-persistent pollutants such as bisphenol A and alkyphenols, directly or indirectly affect the hormonal systems of aquatic organisms and humans. For instance, it was observed, that elevated concentrations of certain progestogens impact fertility, reproductive processes, induce transcriptional changes, and alter sex ratios within fish populations. Numerous studies in the field focus on evaluating the manifestation of EDs in water, their effects on behavior and vital functions of aquatic organisms and humans, and the challenges associated with their detection and removal from the wastewater discharged into the environment. Recent researches have revealed elevated concentrations of specific EDs in various regions, including Czech Republic (significant concentrations of levonorgestrel, megestrol acetate (MGA), drospirenone and dienogest were detected in Blanice river). This indicates a lack of regulations and potential difficulties in effectively removing these substances from water with...
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Teaching about Human Endocrine System at Elementary School
KLOKOČKOVÁ, Markéta
The main goal of the bachelor thesis was to create five original didactic games on the topic of the human endocrine system for pupils of the 2nd grade of primary school. The didactic games were created in order to consolidate the basic knowledge and to acquire extension and supplementary knowledge.Teaching through the didactic games and conventional teaching were used at a mainstream primary school located in the Central Bohemian Region, in a town with a population of 1 to 8 thousand, after the consultation with the school administration and the subject teacher.The control and experimental groups were tested using pretest, posttest I and posttest II.
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Mechanisms of potential toxic effects of bisphenol A on the endocrine system
Zachardová, Lenka ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Rupert, Marian (referee)
Bisphenol A (BPA) has already been used in the chemical industry for several decades. Since that time, a huge amount of in vitro and in vivo studies have been accumulated summarizing the molecular mechanisms of BPA causing disruption in endocrine homeostasis in all kinds of biological models. It enters the body from external environment; however, the main source of penetration is through consumption of food and liquids that are in contact with materials containing the mentioned xenoestrogen. The hydroxyl group within BPA phenol ring enables binding to transmembrane G- protein-coupled estrogen receptors and a number of nuclear receptors affecting hormonal system and resulting in alterations in signalling pathways. BPA induces oxidative stress and interferes with regulation factors functions at gene, cell and tissue level. Disruptive effects are associated with developmental, reproductive, cardiovascular, immune and neurobiological disorders. This thesis is aiming to sum up existing findings about the molecular mechanisms of BPA toxicity in the endocrine system mainly using Mus musculus model. Keywords: BPA, endocrine system, nuclear receptors, GPER, oxidative stress.
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