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Therapy of arterial hypertension in prehospital emergency care and at urgent admission
SYNKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis on the topic of Therapy of arterial hypertension in prehospital emergency care and in the emergency room is focused on dealing with states in cases of sudden escalation of patient's blood pressure. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, blood pressure is characterized, including the methods of its measurement, arterial hypertension and hypertensive crisis. Furthermore, there are descriptions of the basic classes of anti-hypertensives and their use in specific groups with arterial hypertension. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, three goals were set. The first goal was to map out how arterial hypertension is treated in prehospital emergency care within the competences of paramedics and guidelines of given workplace of the emergency medical service. Second goal was to map out the way in which arterial hypertension is treated in emergency rooms of given workplaces, and the third goal was to find out what are the differences between therapy of arterial hypertension in prehospital emergency care and in the emergency room. The research study was carried out via qualitative method of data collection using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with paramedics operating within the Emergency medical services of the South Bohemia region in the districts of Písek, Tábor and Český Krumlov. In addition, selected paramedics working in the emergency department of České Budějovice Hospital also took part in the interviews. From the results of the research part of the bachelor thesis can be concluded, that the interviewed paramedics have enough experiences and knowledge in the area of treating a patient with arterial hypertension and know when it is adequate to reach out to a medical professional about possible therapy.
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Admission of polytraumatized patient to the hospital - preparation of simulated scenarios for paramedics and nurses
ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, Tereza
The most common cause of death of children and adolescents is trauma. The Czech Republic is dominating and ranks in leading positions in Europe. Children mostly occur in situations such as falls, traffic accidents, when the child is in the position of a passenger or is represented as a pedestrian or cyclist. Other causes include burns, drowning or suffocation. Treatment in the first 20 minutes is most important for the patient's further prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to proceed quickly during treatment and provide emergency assistance first - which means securing the airways and circulation. A polytraumatized patient is considered as one in a very serious condition who needs acute assistance from rescue services. When admitting a polytraumatized patient to the hospital, it is important for the rescue team to organize the work and provide it to the patient with the fastest and highest quality care. The diploma thesis is elaborated in theoretical form and is divided into four parts. Scientific information was obtained when studying professional literature. It was Czech and foreign literature and both monographic works and scientific periodicals were used. The process of nursing care procedures for children with polytrauma and my personal experience as a nurse working at the resuscitation department for children greatly contributed to the extended data collection for the diploma thesis. The diploma thesis creates a summary of procedures for the admission of a polytraumatized patient and enables a better orientation in the provision of nursing care for children. It focuses on differences in the provision of emergency care for children and highlights priorities in the treatment of patients in pre-hospital and hospital care. It also points to the clash of non-medical staff with doctors and the ability to cooperate in the provision of care within the rescue team. The diploma thesis provides information on the topic of admission of a polytraumatized patient to the hospital and is intended primarily for non-medical healthcare professionals, but also for the professional and lay public.
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Nurse {--} patient relation in emergency room sector
VČELIČKOVÁ, Martina
"Nurse {--} patient relation in emergency room sector{\crq}q was the topic of my thesis. The bachelor thesis was divided in two parts. The theoretical part dealt with questions of those factors which influence the nurse - patient interrelation. The thesis tried to describe the most important factors which effect the establishing of the patient {--} nurse interrelation; it tried to describe nurses{\crq} points of view as well as patients{\crq} points of view because their views can be fundamentally different and in a way they can zoom in some out-patients{\crq} aspects. The length of waiting time for treatments, overall impressions related to their visits in emergency rooms, patients{\crq} characters and the level of emergency room nurses{\crq} stress play significant roles. Two targets were set in the practical part of my thesis. The first target was to map factors which take share in forming a positive client {--} nurse relation in emergency room care. The second target of my thesis was to map factors which take share in forming a positive nurse {--} client relation in emergency room care. Furthermore, five hypotheses were set. The first hypothesis was: ``Waiting time before treatment influences nurse - client relation.{\crq}q The second hypothesis was: ``Women are more willing to cooperate than men.{\crq}q The third hypothesis was: ``The shorter the client{\crq}s waiting time for treatment, the more willing s/he is to cooperate.{\crq}q The fourth hypothesis was: ``Emergency room nurse{\crq}s high stress influences her relation to clients.{\crq}q The fifth hypothesis was: ``A large number of clients waiting for treatment are a strong stress factor for nurses. The qualitative method with the anonymous questionnaire technique was used for the real status discovery. Two kinds of questionnaires were used. The patients{\crq} questionnaire contained 24 questions. The questions were closed ones and half-open ones - for amending of brief answers. The introductory questions were identifying ones. The other questions were focused on positives and negatives which are closely connected with visits in emergency rooms. Nurses{\crq} questionnaire contained 29 questions, which were closed ones and half-open ones - for amending of brief answers and one question was open one - for expressing of their own opinion. The introductory questions in the questionnaires were identifying ones. The other questions were focused on positives and negatives which are connected with providing care to patients who come into emergency rooms for treatments. Treated patients, emergency room nurses and ordination nurses in Písek, Strakonice and Brno were my research population. 200 questionnaires were distributed; 100 questionnaires were distributed to emergency room nurses and 100 questionnaires were distributed to patients who were treated in emergency rooms. Findings were illustrated in diagrams, which reflect the answers of nurses and patients. The discussion was confronted with technical bibliography. In the conclusion there are stated the summarised results of the thesis, corroborated or refuted hypotheses as well as possible suggestions how to influence positively the forming of interrelations between nurses and patients in emergency rooms.
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