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Vliv chloridazonu na raná vývojová stádia raka mramorovaného
ŘEHOŘEK, Martin
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the influence of chloridazon on the early growing stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis). The influence of chloridazon is assessed using various factors such as biomarkers of oxidative stress, growth, mortality, ontogenetic development, and crayfish behaviour. The acquired results from this research will extend the current knowledge and data on the influence of chloridazon on crayfish and on water ecosystems.
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Vliv metazachloru a jeho metabolitu metazachloru OA na raná vývojová stádia raka mramorovaného
ZÁVORKA, Milan
Metazachlor is a selective herbicide used for controlling monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in oilseed rape and other cruciferous plants. It is mainly used as a pre-emergence herbicide. Metazachlor OA is one of the major degradation products of metazachlor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA on the early live stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis). The effect of metazachlor and metazachlor OA was evaluated on the basis of behaviour, growth, biomarker of oxidative stress, antioxidant biomarkers, ontogenetic development and occurrence of morphological anomalies. The toxicity test was performed at five concentrations, two concentrations of metazachlor (3.2 micrograms/l and 22 micrograms/l) and two concentrations of metazachlor OA (3.2 micrograms/l and 22 micrograms/l) and one control (C). The test exposure was 40 days under defined laboratory conditions. The exposure of metazachlor and metazachlor OA at all tested concentrations caused statistically significantly higher mortality, delayed ontogenetic development and slower growth of crayfish. Metazachlor exposure in concentration 22 micrograms/l and metazachlor OA in concentrations 3.2 micrograms/l and 22 micrograms/l caused statistically significant reduction of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR, GST and GSH) levels in whole-body crayfish homogenate. Metazachlor OA showed a more pronounced adverse effect on the early live stages of marbled crayfish than its parent compound, metazachlor. Based on the results of this study we can point out the suitability of crayfish, especially their early live stages for toxicity tests and the possibilities of their use for biomonitoring of aquatic environment herbicides and their metabolites.
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Vliv herbicidu s-metolachloru na raná vývojová stádia raka mramorovaného
MATERNA, Jan
S-metolachlor is a substance belonging to the group of herbicides, widely used in agriculture to protect crops. This substance with the chemical composition C15H22CINO2 and is used as the pre-emergent herbicides to control unwanted weeds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of s-metolachlor on mortality, behavior, growth, ontogenetic development, oxidative stress level and activity of antioxidant enzymes of early developmental stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax f. virginalis). The effect of s-metolachlor was evaluated on the basis of embryo-larval toxicity test. Early developmental stages of crayfish were exposed to three concentrations of s-metolachlor, 1.1 micrograms/l, 11 micrograms/l and 110 micrograms/l for 45 days. All tested concentrations significant showed higher mortality, delay of ontogenetic development, lower growth and changes in behavior (total movement distance and movement speed). Moreover, significant decrease in catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase concentration, and reduced glutathione levels at the two higher test concentrations (11 micrograms/l and 110 micrograms/l) of s-metolachlor were observed. No significant changes in oxidative damage (TBARS levels) were observed in all the tested groups. Based on the results of this study, early developmental stages of marbled crayfish can be recommended as suitable organisms for toxicity test and their use for biomonitoring of the aquatic environment by herbicides.
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The effect of metabolite terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy on early life stages of marbled crayfish
PEŘINOVÁ, Eliška
Terbuthylazine belongs to the group of pesticides on triazine-based for use in agriculture as herbicides. Terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy is the main metabolite of terbuthylazine. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy on mortality, growth, occurrence the deformations and the development of early life stages, and levels of oxidative stress, assess the activity of antioxidant enzymes of marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax f. virginalis) and also augment data for assessing the impact of this metabolite on the environment. For assess of effect of this metabolite was used embryo larval toxicity test with crayfish. The effect of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy was evaluated in four concentrations (0.75 g.l-1, 75 g.l-1, 375 g.l-1 and 750 g.l-1) for 62 days. Terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy in concentrations 375 g.l-1 and 750 g.l-1 caused decrease of activity superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the levels lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS) and inhibition of growth. Inhibition of growth was also observed in the group exposed to 75 g.l-1 of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy. Additionally, there was delay in ontogenetic development of crayfish exposed to concentration 750 g.l-1. The real tested concentration of 75 g.l-1 terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy had no effect to monitored indices in the early life stages of marbled crayfish. Terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy caused oxidative damage of cellular lipids and proteins, changes in antioxidant activity, reduction of growth, delay in ontogenetic development of marbled crayfish.
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The effects of prometryne on early life stages of common carp
LIDOVÁ, Jaroslava
The effects of prometryne on early life stages of common carp Prometryne belongs to the triazine group of herbicides, which are used in agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of prometryne on mortality, occurrence of deformation, growth and development of early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). For assessing the impact of ryne on the early developmental stages of carp was used the method of embryo-larval toxicity test for fish (OECD test n. 210). Toxic effect of prometryne at four concentrations (0.51 micrograms.l-1, 80 micrograms.l-1, 1.2 mg.l-1 and 4 mg.l-1) was investigated during 35 days. Negative effects on mortality and growth were observed in the experimental group number four with the highest concentration of prometryne (4 mg.l-1). Retardation of ontogeny development of carp was observed in the experimental groups number three and four (concentrations 1.2 mg.l-1 and 4 mg.l-1). On the basic of test results was estimated at 35 day LC50 = 2,314 mg.l-1 prometryne. Based on mortality in experimental group was estimated LOEC = 1,10 mg.l-1 and NOEC = 0,85 mg.l-1 prometryne.
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