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Druhové zloženie vegetácie vo vybranom území mestského sídla
Malovcová, Monika
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate species structure of vegetation in a chosen city. Three different localities (road, park and neighbourhood) were chosen in territory of Trnava. The evaluation of species structure was done by phytosociological relevés (20 m2). All found plant species were determined and their coverage was estimated. The evaluation was done in two months (june and august) in 2015. Acquired data was statistically evaluated by DCA and RDA analysis. Overall number of found species is 35. The most common plant species in neighbourhood were: Lolium perenne, Convolvulus arvensis, Trifolium repens, Hordeum murinum a Plantago lanceolata. The most common species in the park were: Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, Acer platanoides, Plantago major, P. lanceolata. The most common species by road were: Elytrigia repens, Lolium perenne, Reseda lutea, Tripleurospermum inodoratum.
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Compensatory market mechanisms in the sphere of conservation of species diversity and their potential use in the Czech Republic
Martíšková, Kateřina ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
Benefits that mankind obtains in connection with existence of the well-functioning ecosystems and biodiversity, are called ecosystem services. Although biodiversity is not an ecosystem service in itself, however it is one of the basic prerequisites for their function. The importance of this topic for society, directly depends on the importance of ecosystem services as a source of direct or indirect benefits that impact the well-being of the human population. The aim of the application of market mechanisms on this issue is to find the optimal level of environmental protection and human development, together with optimization of the allocation environmental goods. These market mechanisms are used by many countries around the world. The thesis analyzes several cases of use of compensatory market mechanisms, with a closer focus on the Australia, the Britain and the France. Costs and benefits of the system are recognized, together with the configuration of the operation in the various states. This thesis also provides views on the territorial structure of the Czech Republic, the value of their ecosystem services and they are also presented methods of biodiversity conservation on the basis of which the possibility of establishing a market-besed systém of biodiversity conservation in the Czech Republic has been discussed. Application of market mechanisms could bring a certain dynamism to the protection of biodiversity in the Czech Republic, which is currently provided by the system of national parks and other specially protected areas, which can act as barriers to economic development. On the contrary, the market system will allow the use of the landscape in places with the highest demand through the application of the price mechanism. However, due to administrative costs of this system so far, it seems that the application of biodiversity conservation is rather unlikely in the Czech Republic.
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Comparison of biodiversity in managed forests with the different species composition and age structure - communities of epigeic beetles
MATĚJŮ, Aleš
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on five forest habitats with the different age structure in the Novohradské foothills area (Český Krumlov district, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). All studied habitats were found in three managed forests. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling. There were 2735 specimens trapped. 25 beetles species were divided into two groups by its ecological preferences to the degree of human impact. Index of antropogenic influence had better values in two oldest studied habitats. Species diversity was higher in the oldest habitats too. The results indicate less human impact in mature managed forests than clearings and young managed forest stands.
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