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The influence of intensity of agricultural land use on pollinator diversity and abundance
Tomsová, Lucie ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černá, Kristýna (referee)
Agricultural intensification is one of the main reasons for the decline of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscape. One of the ecosystem services is pollination, which helps to preserve the biodiversity of wild plants in cultural landscape and is also vital for production of food, especially fruits and vegetables. Decreasing management intensity could be one of the potential solutions for maintaining sufficient level of pollination in the agricultural landscape. This can be achieved at least on parts of agricultural land. Also, certain areas of cultivated land can be excluded from production in exchange for subsidies for farmers who agree to implement this method. For this reason, the European Union has introduced organic farming and agri- environmental schemes. The aim of the study was to determine whether currently applied low-intensity management is sufficiently effective to protect wild plants, pollinators and their mutual relations. And if so, whether it is due to the decreased management intensity or due to the floral sources available. Another question dealt with is how the effects of organic farming depend on the landscape structure. Results of various studies dealing with this topic were qualitatively compared. Current studies show that organic farming has positive...
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The influence of geology to the diversity of molluscan assemblages
Krajinčáková, Lucie Linda ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Myšák, Jan (referee)
Molluscan populations are influenced by various factors of environment where they occur. In my work I am taking particular atention of soil properties, which are directly influenced by the geological substrate, and of course other factors which are with soil properties either directly or indirectly related. The important benchmarks are especially moisture, pH, calcium content and vegetation cover. This bachelor thesis also deals with utilization of calcium salts. Geological substrate is closely linked with the diversity and abundance of molluscan populations. Various pedochemical factors affect molluscan communities whether it is the amount of calcium in the soil or a pH value. In the past different authors found different dependencies between environmental factors, species composition and diversity of molluscan communities. Most of the studies were focused on very specific habitats and locations. In this thesis I tried to organize our knowledge about the specific effects of various environmental factors, especialy compositíon of geological substrate on malakofauna. Key words: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Geological substrate, diversity
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The influence of geology to the diversity of molluscan assemblages
Krajinčáková, Lucie Linda ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Myšák, Jan (referee)
Molluscan populations are influenced by various factors of environment where they occur. In my work I am taking particular atention of soil properties, which are directly influenced by the geological substrate, and of course other factors which are with soil properties either directly or indirectly related. The important benchmarks are especially moisture, pH, calcium content and vegetation cover. This bachelor thesis also deals with utilization of calcium salts. Geological substrate is closely linked with the diversity and abundance of molluscan populations. Various pedochemical factors affect molluscan communities whether it is the amount of calcium in the soil or a pH value. In the past different authors found different dependencies between environmental factors, species composition and diversity of molluscan communities. Most of the studies were focused on very specific habitats and locations. In this thesis I tried to organize our knowledge about the specific effects of various environmental factors, especialy compositíon of geological substrate on malakofauna. Key words: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Geological substrate, diversity
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Latitudinal gradient of biodiversity and its dependence on rate of ecological processes and evolutionary processes
Krupička, Jan ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Kubička, Lukáš (referee)
Unevenness in the distribution of species diversity on the surface of the earth is one of the most striking phenomena in ecology. Latitudinal gradient of biodiversity could be explained by different rates of evolutionary processes such as speciation and ecological processes that control the ratebof extinction. The goal is to collect and evaluate the literature on the temperature dependence or latitudinal trends in the rates of these processes. Matabolic theory of biodiversity serves as the best explanation of the rates of evolutinary processes and their dependance on temperatur, while an explanation of the rate of ecological process is lacking in empirical data and theories that would put them in relation to temperature and latitude. Explanation by More individual hypotheisis was proved unconvincing.
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The influence of pasture on biodiversity of invertebrates in sub-mountain localities - coprophagous beetles
SVOBODA, Lukáš
The effect of the pasture management on dung beetle communities was studied on three sites in Šumava Mts. (South and West Bohemia). The intensity of pasturing was different: 78 cattle on the first, 106 on the second and 162 on the third pasture. The beetles were collected using pitfall traps baited by 1.5 litres of fresh cattle dung. The traps were located on each pasture. Altogether 3 traps were used per each pasture. The pitfall traps were exposed in the pasture for 7 days in monthly repetitions from April to October 2008. Totally 8725 specimen and 33 species of beetles were collected. These species belong to families Scarabaeidae,Geotrupidae and Hydrophilidae. The number of species and individuals was evaluated for each pasture, as well as seasonal dynamics and biomass distribution. The results indicate that the more intensive pasturing has the positive effect on the activity of some groups of coprophagous beetles.Other effects of the different pasture management on the beetles were not documented.
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