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Designed, Implemented and Achieved ICT Curriculum at Basic Schools
BERKI, Jan
One of the base intention of this research in didactic sphere is to describe and to analyse curriculum in all of its forms. In educational sphere focused on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) or on Informatics, this intention is very actual mainly due to recent integration to compulsory part of curriculum at elementary schools and also due to its dynamic development. This PhD thesis follows researches analysing curriculum of other educational spheres and also follows survey devoted to implementation of ICT to educational environment. Second type of research uses mainly quantitative method and relied on declarations of respondents. Compared to this, there was chosen qualitative case study getting data also from analysis of documents or from observing. At first, there are identified terms of curriculum, its phases and ICT literacy which presents one of the main goals of educational environment in the Czech curriculum. Then it is fol-lowed by analysis and summary of results of already realized surveys focused on teaching conditions of ICT and with ICT, together with informatics themes and their relations to individual actors. Last but not least, it is finished by results of students in ICT literacy and informatics thinking. Based on analysis of documents, the empirical part of theses describes models used to definition of educational sphere of ICT and projected curriculum of chosen basic school. Realized curriculum and its changes are deduced from analysis of notes in class-book. Videorecords of some lessons were used to verification of notes and also to analyse used educational methods. Based on its analysis, there were defined also educational goals of these teaching units and reached curriculum. Special practical exercise was used to verify the knowledge and skills of selected knowledge and skills. This thesis describes not only individual phases of ICT curriculum in chosen basic school but also identifies some differences between them. Finally, some of findings are used also as incentives to adjust the projected curriculum at the national level.
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Insects in the teaching of biology in elementary and secondary school: Intended and implemented curriculum
VARAUSOVÁ, Eliška
This diploma thesis focuses on the curriculum topic of insects from two perspectives. The first view is intended (presumed) curriculum, the second implemented (achieved) curriculum. To determine the intended curriculum, a curriculum analysis of the insects contained in 6th grade primary biology textbooks and the corresponding level for grammar schools was used. Based on the analysis a didactic test is compiled, in order to determine the mastery of the subject matter by pupils the implemented curriculum. The results show a lower value of the intended (about 53%) than the implemented curriculum. In addition, the rate of the implemented curriculum, depending on the individual sub-circuits curriculum about insects, was found to be unbalanced.
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The Physics Principles of Absorption Law for Radiographers
ČECH, František
Recently, there was not any suitable comprehensive educational text concerning physical bases of the absorption law which would be adequate to knowledge (physics, mathematics) and to skills of students of branch of radiology assistant and of related branches of study. For this reason, the bachelor thesis was written. The thesis set several partial goals which were successively achieved. Partial goals of the thesis are: 1. Selection of a theory of knowledge transfer to the level of branches of study stated above. 2. Creation of an educational text by a way which respects chosen theory. 3. Experimental verification of suitability of the educational text from the point of view of addressees. 4. Application of chosen statistical methods. On the basis of the analysis of the current state of the solved problem and setting partial aims the following hypotheses were stated: 1. Educational text for radiology assistants can be made by means of application of curricular process. 2. Knowledge of students acquired by means of the elaborated educational text will have a distribution close to normal distribution. As a convenient theory for knowledge transfer from science to educational sphere turned out to be theory of curricular process [1]. On the basis of the theory of the curricular process it was firstly important to analyse current scientific system of non-statistical quantum physics. The thesis deals with relationships between the absorption law and its three components especially in connection with absorption of x-rays and gamma radiation. In the area of conceptual curriculum the "Old quantum theory" became a solution. Sufficient physical base for the absorption law represents a thorough application of wave-particle duality. Mentioned physical pieces of knowledge were subsequently adjusted to the level of knowledge and skills of students for the area of intended and projected curriculum. Stated physical effects were derivated from initial conditions to formulas presented in scientific literature. Adjusted physical pieces of knowledge were subsequently transformed into a comprehensive educational text as a basic constituent of projected curriculum (see Annexe 1). By means of creation of the educational text the following hypothesis was proved: "Educational text for radiology assistants in the area of physical bases of the absorption law can be made by means of application of curricular process application". For verification of knowledge acquired by students an educational test was realised. The test had 23 question with one correct answer for every question (the test is presented in Annexe 2). Quantification of knowledge of students as a part of implemented curriculum-2 was made by means of statistical inquiry. Besides methods of descriptive statistics a method of assignment of theoretical distribution to empirical distribution was used. On the basis of assignment of theoretical distribution to empirical distribution it was determined that knowledge of students can be expressed by Gauss distribution. This confirmed not only adequacy of the created educational text but also the second hypothesis of the thesis. Benefits of the bachelor's thesis: Theoretical benefits of the thesis: 1. Application of curricular process in education of radiology assistants in the area of the physical bases of the absorption law. 2. Application of algorithm of statistics on verification of the hypotheses of the thesis. Practical benefits of the thesis: 1. The old quantum theory in the form of wave-particle duality of photon and electron are an adequate physical base for understanding the absorption law in the area of x-rays and gamma radiation. 2. Recommendation for improving physical preparation of radiology assistants on the basis of the analysis of particular test questions. 3. Educational text and test can be used in the education of radiological physics for the branch radiology assistant and also for related branches.
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The Physics Principles of Classical Circular Accelerators for Radiological Technologicts
VESELÁ, Barbora
As the selected theory of transfer of knowledge from the scientific radiological physics (in the sphere of physical bases of circular accelerators) to students of radiological branches the theory of curricular process was used. This theory was formulated in the world by M. Pasche, T. G. Gardner, M. Certon, M. Gayl, in the Czech and Slovak Republics by J. Průcha, J. Brockmeyerová, P.Tarábek, P. Záškodný. On the base of the curriculum process theory, in the sphere of radiological physics curriculum process can be defined as a sequence of transformations T1-T5 variant forms of curriculum: "conceptual curriculum" as a communicable scientific system of radiological physics (first variant form of curriculum as transformation T1 output from a scientific system to a communicable scientific system) "intended curriculum" as an educational system of radiological physics (second variant form of curriculum as transformation T2 output from a communicable scientific system to an educational system) "project curriculum" as an instructional project of radiological physics (third variant form of curriculum as transformation T3 output from an educational system to a teaching project) "implemented curriculum-1" as the preparedness of educator to education in radiological physics (fourth variant form of curriculum as the first transformation T4 output from an educational project to implementation of teaching) "implemented curriculum-2" as the results of education in radiological physics (fifth variant form of curriculum as the second transformation T4 output from an educational project to implementation of teaching) "attained curriculum" as applicable results of education in radiological physics (sixth variant form of curriculum transformation T5 output from implementation of teaching to application of the results of teaching). In this thesis, in the sphere of physical bases of circular accelerators the transformation between the intended curriculum, project curriculum, implemented curriculum-1 and implemented curriculum-2 were used. These transformations were carried out by binds between educating text, experimental teaching, preparation for experimental teaching and placing of educational test to students of radiological branches to find out the results of experimental teaching in the sphere of physical bases of circular accelerators. In order to prove the hypotheses of the bachelor thesis, methods of mathematical statistics apart from methods of descriptive statistics were used: Nonparametric tests and two sample t-test. Nonparametric test was used to test the normality of knowledge acquired by experimental teaching. Two-sample t-test was used to compare the knowledge from the sphere of physical bases of circular accelerators in students of full-time and part-time study programme. The bachelor thesis was based on the verification of two hypotheses: a) an adequate educational text in the sphere of physical bases of circular accelerators can be created by application of curriculum process b) students´ knowledge in the sphere of physical bases of circular accelerators acquired on the base of worked out educational text will have normal distribution. Both of these hypotheses were confirmed by statistical processing of the results which were obtained by experimental teaching and by placing of educational test to students. Partial hypothesis was also confirmed that knowledge between full-time students and part-time students will not be statistically different on the level of statistical significance 0.05. Based on the verified hypotheses and the survey of further results, the targets of the thesis can be considered fulfilled.
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