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Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines Proposal for Children Aged 3-18 with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Homolková, Simona ; Dvořáková, Petra (advisor) ; Angerová, Yvona (referee)
Thesis abstract Name, Surname: Bc. Simona Homolková Supervisor: Mgr. Petra Dvořáková Thesis Title: Occupational Therapy Practise Guidelines Proposal in Children aged 3-18 years with Developmental Coordination Disorder Abstract: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a prevalence of 6 % among children in the population. The cause of this condition is unknown, but there are known risk factors, such as very low birth weight or maternal exposure to drugs and alcohol during pregnancy. Symptoms include coordination difficulties, impaired motor learning and planning, executive function challenges, and overall mental health vulnerabilities. Each child exhibits different manifestations, and comprehensive care is required, provided by an interprofessional team, which includes occupational therapists. Occupational therapists should base their practice on high-quality care standards. Just like in medicine, there are currently global trends in occupational therapy towards developing Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), which are still lacking, especially in the field of occupational therapy. CPGs primarily serve to improve and standardize care. The main goal of this work is to create a proposal for clinical practice guidelines in occupational therapy for developmental...
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Occupational therapy treatment strategies in patients with upper limb peripheral nerve injury
Kořánová, Pavlína ; Humhej, Ivan (advisor) ; Kuželková, Anna (referee)
THESIS ABSTRACT Name, surname: Bc. Pavlína Kořánová Supervisor: MUDr. Ivan Humhej, PhD. Labor consultant: Bc. Olga Nováková, M. Sc. Thesis title: Occupational therapy treatment strategies in patients with upper limb peripheral nerve injury Thesis abstract: Peripheral nerve injuries of upper limb are often identified by sensory and motor control deficit. Limitations are most likely evident in their performance of activities of daily living (ADL), leisure and work activities. Significant neurogenic pain is a typically included and can cause poor quality of life. The result of injury is not only affecting the physical area, but also psychological and socio- economic aspects. Treatment is often time-consuming and there is an uncertain prognosis. The overview of the issue summarizes basic information, identification of specific peripheral nerve of upper limb (radial, median, ulnar) and their functional deficits. It also presents actual options of treatment, specially with an emphasis on occupational therapy. The purpose of this final thesis is to extend the knowledge and treatment options of evidence-based occupational therapy. The outputs represent an overview of occupational therapy treatment strategies in patients with upper limb peripheral nerve injury. Among the common effective occupational therapy's...
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Physiotherapeutic approaches in cerebelar syndrome
Chytrová, Kateřina ; Zumrová, Alena (advisor) ; Zounková, Irena (referee)
Cerebellar ataxia syndrome is treated in different ways depending on source of its origin. In the case of an acquired disease the primary treatment is focused on eliminating the basic disease and physiotherapy influences its aftermaths. In the case of genetically determined disease physiotherapy is an essential treatment, although it only treats symptoms, and it can distinctly affect the patient's life quality. The work is designed as a basis for a planned guideline for the rehabilitation of cerebellar disorders in the Hereditary Ataxia Center FHN Motol. It summarizes more than eighty, mostly foreign, studies that deal with the possibility to influence cerebellar symptoms with physiotherapeutic procedures and discusses the approach of 5 specialized worlds' centers for cerebellar diseases. In conclusion there are case reports of six patients with cerebellar symptoms and an analysis of their existing physiotherapy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Reduction of pain in selected diagnostic and nursing performances based on best practices in the care of the newborns
BÍLKOVÁ, Simona
This thesis deals with neonatal pain and possibility of its reduction during three most painful interventions, to which newborns are exposed. The interventions were selected based on the study of literature, among them belongs collection of capillary blood for screening of newborns, insertion and removal of a gastric tube and airway suctioning of the newborn. Pain has protective reasons as it shall protect us from harming tissues. But sometimes it is necessary to cause pain for the purpose of performing a diagnostic or medical treatment. But there are some ways how to reduce pain at newborns. The theoretical part describes the basic facts about pain, its origin and transfer, importance and types of pain. This thesis also describes the specifics of fetus nervous system maturation during pregnancy. Furthermore, it mentions evaluation of pain manifestation and ways of treating it. Another sub-chapter contains a description of selected medical treatments and ways of palliating pain during their implementation. The last section is dedicated to clinical recommended procedures. The practical part of the work was carried out in four neonatal intensive care units. There were intentionally selected three respondents in each unit, with whom were led guided interviews which are recorded in chapter 4.2. Results of interviews with each respondent are summarized in transparent tables. This thesis had three objectives. The first objective was to compare the method of implementation of selected painful procedures at newborns in theory and practice. We wanted to know whether nursing procedures carried out in selected neonatal units correspond with procedures described in literature. By questioning and observation was found out that some respondents did not follow recommendations. The differences are described in chapter "Results and discussion". The second objective was to determine whether nurses at selected wards have selected performance standards and whether they are also interested in latest procedures of palliating pain at newborns. All respondents stated that performance standards are selected, but not all are prescribed only for newborns. Almost all respondents (except one) have stated that they were interested in new ways of reducing pain, but not all methods are listed in the standards. The third objective was to determine whether nurses abide selected nursing care standards and whether they employ their most recent knowledge about neonatal pain reduction in practice. By observiation was not found non-observance of standards, but also was not found implementation of new procedure knowledge that respondents stated in an interview. At the same time the respondents (except two) reported that there was no need to change the standards at selected performances. The outcome of this work is a new standard for each performance which was dealt with in this thesis. Standards were created eventhough the respondents stated that there was no need to change them. It is necessary to verify new standards in practice.
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