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Nursing care of patient with diverticulosis
LYSÁKOVÁ, Adéla
The bachelor thesis focuses on nursing care of a patient with diverticulosis. The name diverticulosis (die Divertikulose) indicates occurrence of multiple diverticulaon various organs (Kazil, Kazilová, 2007). Diverticulosis is also called a presidential disease. This name arose a couple of years ago when Václav Havel and Rudolf Schuster, the President of the Slovak Republic were suffering from this disease at the same time. Colon diverticulosis may be classified as a civilization disease, as relation between its occurrence and eating habits and life style has been proven (Housová, 2009). The number of patients suffering from the disease has been increasing in recent years. Eating habits and lifestyle are probably the main causes, but also age as the disease mostly affects individuals over 70 years of age. The research was aimed at the specifics of nursing care of a patient with diverticulosis. Two goals were based on the thesis topic. The first goal included the specifics of nursing care of a patient with diverticulosis. The second goal was to map knowledge of nursing care of a patient with diverticulosis among nurses at gastroenterology departments. A qualitative research method was applied to meeting the above goals. The research was performed at gastroenterology outpatient departments in South Bohemian and Highland Regions. The research sample consisted of two groups. The first group was formed by nurses (N1 - N10) and the second group by physicians (P1 - P3). The qualitative research was performed by means of semi structured interview. Written records were kept on the qualitative research results. Interviews with respondents brought answers to the research questions and also led to meeting the goals of the bachelor thesis. Four research questions were set to meet the goals. The first research question focused on the specifics of nursing care of a patient with diverticulosis. The research showed according to the responses of the nurses and the physicians that they lead a patient with diverticulosis to adherence to preventive measures. These are adherence to diet regimen, change of lifestyle, care about regular defecation, adequate physical activity and regular medical checkups. Adherence to these preventive measurement leads to reduction of complication risks. However the knowledge of diverticulosis symptoms among nurses was quite poor. The second research questions asked what aspects of providing nursing care nurses most often concentrate on. The interviews showed that nurses mostly focus on education in the field of changing eating habits. They also inform patients with diverticulosis how to avoid complications or how to behave if complications occur. The information from the nurses corresponded with that from the physicians. The third research question tried to find whether nurses inform patients on modification of eating habits. We found that the nurses inform patients with diverticulosis in modification of eating habits. The nurses are aware of suitable and unsuitable food, on quantity of suitable liquids and food modification. Nevertheless the nurses had significant drawbacks in the diet applicable on the fist days after operation. Information obtained from the nurses was identical with the opinions from the physicians, except for the question for diet applied on the first days after operation as only the nurses were asked this question. The last, fourth, research question asked whether the disease affected the patients? lives. The replies from the nurses and the physicians confirmed that the disease has influence on patients? lives. It actually requires eating limitation, patients have to care about regular defecation; some patients suffer from unpleasant abdominal pains. An informational leaflet for patients suffering from diverticulosis was elaborated upon the results of the thesis.
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