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Knowledge of Procedures in Extraordinary Circumstances among the Members of Primary Units of Integrated Rescue System in the Moravian-Silesian Region
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with knowledge of procedures in extraordinary circumstances among the members of primary units of the Integrated Rescue System in the Moravian - Silesian region. It is specifically focused on knowledge of procedures to be done when finding an unknown object with a suspicion of a presence of biological agens, toxins and so-called dirty bomb. To find out answers and results I chose the method of quantitative research I asked for completing questionnaires. I prepared questions using a special catalog of characteristic activities and I handed the questionnaires over to respondents who work as members of the primary units of the Integrated Rescue System. I used Microsoft Excel to process the acquired data and expressed the results as a percentage success rate of the respondents. Using the "2" statistical method, I investigated if there is a link between a level of knowledge and particular units. I also compared percentage success rate of chosen questions of my respondents with Mgr.Kotyza's respondents. The respondents´ knowledge level reached 27 %. The hypothesis # 1 was accepted: " As to biological agens, so-called dirty bomb and toxins, the knowledge of the members of primary units of the Integrated Rescue System does not reach 80 % of correct answers". The hypothesis # 2: "As to biological agens, so called dirty bomb and toxins, the knowledge of the members of primary units of the Integrated Rescue System does not depend on a type of a particular unit" was rejected based on statistical data when found out that there was a link between specific knowledge and a type of particular units in 71 percent of cases. Comparing Mgr.Kotyza's results, the respondents from the South Bohemia achieved better results than in the Moravian Silesian region. I suppose that the low knowledge level was caused by a lack of training in this field and few opportunities where members can get acquainted with such matters like the biological agens, toxins and so-called dirty bomb.
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Possible risks of abuse of radioactive materials from the former uranium ore processing plant MAPE Mydlovary.
ŘEPA, Libor
Possible risks of using radioactive materials are a highly discussed topic nowadays. This work is dealing with this problem and it is focused on possible risks of using radioactive materials from the ex-treatment plant of uranium ores MAPE Mydlovary. In introductory chapters I am describing the current state of ex-treatment plant of uranium ores. I am dealing with the history of operation of MAPE, information about sludge lagoons and about stored sediments in them and other characteristics concerning this operation. For years, sediments in which radionuclides are contained have been stored in treatment plants and that is why I am dealing with ionizing radiation. Because the topic is the using of radioactive materials which can be used mainly by terrorists, I am also describing this worldwide phenomenon of recent years where I first of all focused on super-terrorism using radioactive weapons, namely so-called ?dirty bombs?. The target of this work is to find out possibilities of using radioactive materials from the ex-treatment plant. Therefore I measured values of radioactivity and exposition of radiation at some places with the help of exploratory research. That meant sampling of soils and water and also measurement of power of dose equivalent of radiation gamma. After gathering information of needed radiation values I carried out simulation of possible using of radioactive materials from the premises MAPE. By means of dirty bomb I used the programme TerEx at using radioactive material. Then I carried out several calculations which were focused on inhalation, ingestion or outdoor radiation from radioactive materials and also calculation how much it is necessary to gain a significant source of ionizing radiation. From these sources I have deduced impacts for individuals, society or environment. Based on analysis and evaluation of given problems, my set hypothesis ?By using radioactive materials from the ex-treatment plant of uranium ores MAPE Mydlovary a serious threat to people will not occur? was confirmed. Results of my work can be used as a study material for completing and broadening knowledge about risks resulting from using radioactive materials. Further an increase of foreknowledge and explanation of certain consequences of ionizing radiation on humans from materials from the ex-treatment plant of uranium ores MAPE Mydlovary, for inhabitants of Mydlovary and surrounding areas and also useful information for lay and professional society which is interested in these problems.
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Peace Applications and Potential Terrorist Misuse of Uraninite
LOŠKOVÁ, Romana
This thesis is called Peaceful Use and Possible Terroristic Abuse of Uraninite and as the title itself indicates it deals with the issues of uraninite and its practical application. The introduction of the thesis analyses the history of uraninite from its early extraction in the 16th century, via discovery of radioactivity to the present situation, the use of uraninite and its individual elements in various peaceful spheres, e.g. in research, industry, but also in medicine. The first aim of the thesis was to elaborate a comprehensive summary of present peaceful use of uraninite. I have managed that thanks to collection of available materials, technical literature and websites. The other aim was to evaluate the threats of terroristic abuse of uraninite. I performed studies and analysis of current legal standards related to radioactive substances and their handling, as well as documents and studies dealing with the dirty bomb issues to reach the goal. I illustrated on an example what possible terroristic abuse of uraninite in the form of the above mentioned dirty bomb might look like, and evaluated the possible risk upon the example.
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The dirty bomb and the emergency after its usage against civilian population
GUBRICKÝ, Václav
My thesis deals with the issue of crisis management with focus on a terrorist attack using a dirty bomb. The objective of the thesis is to explain the term {\clqq}dirty bomb``, to assess possible health and life threatening consequences of such an attack and possible economic impacts on society. I also examined the preparedness of the crisis management in the Czech Republic if there is such an attack. A theoretical simulation of a dirty bomb explosion with subsequent analysis of its effects was carried out. It was performed after a thorough research of legal rules refering to crisis management, the Integrated Rescue System (IRS) activities in an emergency incident, studies of IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) and bulletins treating the issue of a terrorist attack using radioactive substances. In the thesis the current types of actions of the IRS as a response to a confirmed usage of a radiological weapon are analysed. I also draw attention to some components of the IRS which may prove to be weak links of the chain if there is a real intervention of the IRS. One of the main questions analyzed in this thesis was preparedness of the Police of the Czech Republic to deal effectively with emergencies such as terrorist attack using a dirty bomb. I put forward my point of view as the author of this thesis and a policeman as well. I consider the issue of preparedness of the Police of the Czech Republic for emergencies such as terrorist attack using a dirty bomb to be vital.
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Comparison of radiological and chemical weapons in the context of their use in terrorist attacks against civilians
GUBRICKÝ, Václav
The thesis is focused on radiological and chemical weapons in the context of their use in terrorist attacks against the civilian population in relation to rescue and clean up operations of the Integrated Rescue System (IRS) of the Czech Republic. The objective of the thesis is to specify the terms of radiological and chemical weapons, to assess potential negative consequences of their use with the emphasis on the threat to life and health of the population, to evaluate the economic impact on society and to compare the IRS activities during the immediate intervention carried out after a terrorist attack. The topic is dealt with based on the research and the analysis of rules of law in force regulating activities of the IRS components in these major incidents and also of documents of the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) and other works focused on the misuse of radioactive and chemical agents in terrorist attacks. Severity and complexity of the issue is illustrated by information given on the radiological accident in Goiana in Brazil, sarin attacks of the Japanese sect Óm šinrikjó and consequences of the model example of the use of radionuclide 137Cs. In the thesis the current methodology on which the IRS components operate in such emergencies is analyzed, and some aspects that are subject of the set of type activities, worked out by the Civil Emergency Planning Committee and DG Fire Rescue Service of the CR, which may become weak points during a real action of the IRS, are pointed out. One of major issues analyzed in this study is comparison of radiological and chemical attacks with the focus on the initial phase of the intervention of the IRS components. Presentation of differences in individual activities of the IRS components in such interventions can contribute significantly to understanding and subsequently managing the activities carried out by the IRS components in these major incidents.
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Possible Risks of Abuse of the Sources of Ionizing Radiation
ŠVECOVÁ, Kristýna
The abuse of ionizing radiation sources can be a tool in violent actions taken by terrorists, politicians or various groups with the aim to enforce their intentions. Ionizing radiation sources occur in many branches of human activities; they are important in medical care, industry, agriculture, space engineering, geology, archeology and many other spheres. The objective of my thesis is to familiarize the reader with the problems of radiological terrorism or even unaware abuse of ionizing radiation sources.
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Burst effects of radiation dispersal weapon
SADÍLKOVÁ, Alexandra
One of the relatively cheap and easily available instruments suitable for a terrorist attack is the dirty bomb. Using conventional charges (TNT, Semtex etc.) it disperses radioactive materials. Its use is based on contamination of the area where the explosion took place and on creating a radioactive cloud, which may travel rather fast depending on the wind, and which pollutes other areas with its fall-out particles. Such areas become dangerous to live or stay in for a longer period due to the danger of irradiation sickness and cancer. The polluted areas must be decontaminated, which is a very difficult task. Another problem that may occur after the explosion of such a bomb is also panic as well as burns and injuries caused by shells. This work deals with possibilities of radiological weapon construction, the results of using a dirty bomb and with the work of integrated emergency services on such an occasion.
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Crisis management after the use of so called dirty bomb, focused on integrated emergency system operation, especially Czech Police organ
VILDMAN, Radek
The main goals of this dissertation were to discover wheather there exists some methodology for actions of the integrated emergency system in this king of emergency and to create planning for and responding to the emergency. This work includes a simple instrument for basic orientation for members of the Police of the Czech republic and members of other emergency services that may deal with the emergency arising after an explosion of a dirty bomb. The work presents a concrete model situation of the above mentioned emergency and the function of each emergency service, especially the Police of the Czech republic and description of their work, with the references to present legislation. This work points out the differences between theory and practice, which emerged after thorough examination of the single actions and facilities of each part of the integrated emergency system. It also contains suggestions for future solution.
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