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Hypertension and it´s conection to a healthy lifestyle
DOUBRAVOVÁ, Kristýna
I have chosen hypertension and its connection with healthy lifestyle as the topic of my Bachelor thesis. Today, there is an increasing occurrence of lifestyle diseases that we mostly induce ourselves by our inappropriate lifestyle. In the developed world, a half of all deaths is caused by cardiovascular diseases where hypertension falls as a kind of warning signal of other lifestyle diseases. Appropriate lifestyle mostly comprises appropriate regimen, especially nourishment, as well as physical activity, enough sleep and stress elimination. In the Bachelor thesis, I used three goals of which the first one was to try to map following the principles of healthy lifestyle in patients suffering from hypertension. The second goal of the work was to assess 7-day diets and the last one was to inform about the importance and principles of healthy lifestyle as a preventive measure against the emergence of hypertension by means of the creation of an educational material. The theoretical part of the work is divided into two main chapters. The first one focuses on hypertension and summarizes the present state of the given problems, their definitions, classification, consequences and treatment. The second part deals with healthy lifestyle and negative factors of healthy lifestyle that lead to the emergence of hypertension. The practical part took place in the University Hospital Hradec Králové at the Department of Emergency Medicine in the outpatient department treating hypertension. I considered 140/90 mm Hg and higher to be a pathological value of blood pressure. The research file finally comprised 18 patients who brought their 7-day diets to the ambulance. The research was divided into two parts. For the first part of the research, a questionnaire method was chosen, aiming at dietary habits, physical activity and the knowledge the patients had about hypertension and prevention. In the second part, 6 patients were chosen by means of a simple random choice and their diets were analysed and assessed using nutrition software Nutriservis Professional. The assessment of the diets inquired if patients exceed their optimal daily energy intake, have enough all essential nutrients, what amount of sodium there is in their diets and if they follow the principles of rational nutrition. It followed form the questionnaire that patients are aware of their disease and prevention. As for their dietary habits, water intake and physical activity, the results were not that unambiguous for us to say that all patients follow the principles of healthy lifestyle. A food frequency questionnaire pointed out that patients suffering from hypertension consume food higher in salt than fats. It followed from the mapped diets that only two patients try to eat in accordance with the principles of rational nourishment, yet their diet exceeded the dietary reference intake of salt and fats. There even was a female patient at a great risk of malnutrition and another one had a completely inappropriate diet. As for the calculated diets, none of the patients follows the dietary principles related to hypertension and there are only two of them who try to do so as was stated above. Thanks to the creation of the educational material, the work can serve the public as a source of basic information. It can draw attention to the importance and beneficial effect of healthy lifestyle as a result of slowing down the development and emergence of lifestyle diseases.
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