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Evaluation of children with fecal incontinence.
Damková, Adéla ; Lepšíková, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor's thesis on the possibilities of objective examination of children with fecal incontinence is presented in the form of a review with case studies. The introductory theoretical part is devoted to the basic anatomical knowledge of the pelvic floor, the physiology of the defecation process, micturition, and the mechanism of fecal incontinence, as well as the often associated urinary incontinence. Furthermore, the causes of fecal incontinence with regard to the pediatric population are mentioned. The special section includes methods of evaluation and examination of fecal incontinence used in pediatric patients, and last but not least, the issue of biofeedback as a therapy aimed at strengthening the pelvic floor muscles is presented. The practical part of the thesis includes two case studies of patients, which include an initial kinesiological examination, therapy description, and photo documentation.
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Obstipacion as a problem in nursing
PETRŮ, Štěpánka
Obstipation as a problem in nursing. A growing portion of today{\crq}s population suffers from obstipation. Longer life expectancy and today{\crq}s lifestyle are seen as the most frequent reasons for it. Obstipation is a complaint nurses encounter in all kinds of health care institutions. Providing suitable nursing care may help the patient with defecation. The first part of the thesis is theoretical. It provides the definition of the disorder, its causes and proper nursing method, which is listed in chronological order according to the nursing procedure. The next part deals with a survey, which was carried out in hospitals in Pelhřimov, Jindřichův Hradec and Počátky at departments where higher incidence of obstipation is anticipated. The survey was anonymous, and the data were collected from 128 nurses in a quantitative research using the method of questionnaire. In order to remain objective, structured interviews containing the same questions were made with 11 inpatients hospitalized at the departments included in the survey. The thesis followed three goals. First, to find out whether nurses make an inquiry about obstipation that is to be included in the patient{\crq}s history. Second, to map out nursing care in patients with obstipation at departments with beds. Third, to identify current options nurses can choose from while dealing with obstipation as a problem in nursing. Based on the goals, three hypotheses were determined. First, nurses are concerned about the frequency of patient{\crq}s defecation at their homes while collecting details for patient{\crq}s history. Second, nurses do not keep the patients hydrated enough. Third, nurses secure intimate place for defecation when requested by the patient. Nurses themselves confirmed the first and third hypotheses and refused the second one. The patients` answers did not always match with nurses` responds. In conclusion, both surveys proved that nurses have theoretical knowledge related to looking after a person suffering from obstipation but they are not always ready to implement such knowledge. The thesis provides an overview of the current nursing care in patients with obstipation and is set to help implement a better and more effective usage of nursing methods in practice.
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