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Optimization of the Radiological Protection in Diagnostic X-ray Examinations
GREGOROVÁ, Tereza
This thesis deals with the topic of optimization of radiation protection of patients at a radiodiagnostic workplace. It discusses the possibilities of protecting patients from X-ray radiation in radiodiagnostics, both by technical parameters that can influence the dose and by the use of protective shielding, both in the primary radiation beam and outside it. In the practical part I focused on the calculation of diagnostic reference levels for selected examinations. Examination data was obtained from the DICOM header from the Dicompass viewer. For the calculation, I chose the chest examination in PA projection and the skull examination in AP projection lying on the examination table. Exposure parameters from three stationary scanners on which both selected examinations are currently routinely performed were analyzed. The observed values of input surface kerma and surface kerma for each scans were compared with the values of local diagnostic reference levels and with the values of national diagnostic reference levels. There are no national diagnostic reference levels for pediatric examinations, so I used the 2015 European Guidelines on DRLs for Pediatric Imaging document, which contains diagnostic reference levels for pediatric patients, to compare the values. The content of this paper can serve as a basic overview of optimizing radiation protection and calculating diagnostic reference levels for healthcare professionals and the general public.
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Radiotherapy of cervical cancer
KUBIŠOVÁ, Lucie
This bacherol thesis focuses on radiotherapy of cervical cancer. In the theorical part we describe the anatomy proportions of little pelvis, typology of the tumor, its occurance, risk factors that can cause this disease, symptoms and diagnostics. We put special attention on the questions related to the prevention of cervical carcinoma. In addition we are interested in the treatment for this malignant disease surgery solutions, teletherapy, brachytherapy and chemotherapy. The second part of the bacherol thesis is empirical and focuses the radiotherapeutical treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma, stressing the analysis of doses of irradiation for the critical organs with repercussion for posterior occurance of acute or late undesired effects. The major risk factor detected was the insufficient participation of the respondents on the preventive gynecology examinations. The collected data reflect that only one third of women are undergoing the regular screening by their doctors. When analyzing the facts, we wanted to focuse on the irradiation doses applied to the critical organs. The obtained results showed that neither doses nor fractions have demostrated even a little progress during seven years. At the same time the techniques of irradiation did not evolve very much during the same period. The only difference was the increase of application of the IMRT technique in 2017 in comparison to 2010. The original hypothesis of the thesis advocating that the improvement of verification systems, imaging machines and planning systems could have an impact on the reduction of undesired effects caused by irradiation of critical organs during radiotherapy of cervix, was rejected due to above mentioned results.
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