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Pathology of adnex
BARANCOVÁ, Iveta
The term adnex comes from the latin word nexus or connection and i tis used in gynecology and dermatology. Gynecological adnexa involves the internal genitals of woman without uterus, so it involves the fallopian tubes and ovaries. In every woman´s life, there can be conditions when the woman feels abdominal pain. These abdominal pain can´t be serious, however if the pain persists, it needs to be examinated their origin. During diagnostics, it is also important to keep in mind that the woman is prone to various diseases associated with gynecological adnexa. This bachleor thesis deals with pathological conditions od gynecological adnexa, therefore inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, ovarian cysts, adnexal endometriosis and benign but also malignant neoplasms located in the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Because every woman is at risk of an ectopic pregnancy when she is of childbearin age, this type of pregnancy is considered as pathological, so it is included in this bachleor thesis as well. Forty samples of gynecological adnexa are processed for this thesis. A selected part of the adnex sample is documented in this thesis. Samples are processed in all sections of the histological laboratory. After that histological preparations are made and the diagnosis is made too. Histological preparations are stained with basic histological staining Hematoxylin-eosin, but also with special methods Hematoxylin-van Gieson and Goldner´s trichrome. The thesis also contains a statistical evaluation of the incidence of gynecological adnexa for the period from 2015-2019, which were diagnosed at the pathological department. Female sterilization is included in this evaluation too, because its number has increased over the period. The sterilization included in the evaluation was always performed with the patient´s consent and at her own reques, for example it is performed during the planned caesarean section.
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Live cycle of the free-living amoeba. Differentiation of amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia
Klieščiková, Jarmila ; Nohýnková, Eva (advisor) ; Ondriska, František (referee) ; Walochnik, Julia (referee)
Free-living pathogenic amoebae Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris are causative agents of important diseases of human: rarely occurring but highly fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (both) and keratitis (Acanthamoeba). One of the reasons for the problematic therapy is differentiation into highly resistant cysts often found in affected tissues. In our study we have found that correct encystation in Acanthamoeba requires apart from others, the presence of functioning Golgi apparatus transporting the cyst wall material to the cell surface; glycogen phosphorylase degrading glycogen into glucose which seems to be further used for cellulose synthesis and two non-constitutive cellulose synthases. Acanthamoeba cellulose synthases seem not to be inhibited by known herbicides. In the cyst wall of acanthamoebae we detected cellulose, -mannan, and -1, 3-1, 4-linked glucan [lichenin or mixed-linkage glucan (MLG)]. Cellulose is present in the inner (endocyst) and the outer (exocyst) layers of the cyst wall, whereas-mannan and MLG are found in the endocyst. In a protozoan organism, MLG was detected for the first time. The MLG of Acanthamoeba has a similar composition to that found in barley with high amount of cellobiosyl and cellotriosyl followed by cellotetraosyl units. In contrast, with...
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