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Influence of the epicardium on cardiac regeneration after cryoinjury during embryonic development - analysis of morphological and physiological changes
Neffeová, Kristýna ; Kolesová, Hana (advisor) ; Hovořáková, Mária (referee)
Millions of people die from myocardial infarction every year. In the heart, damaged cardiomyocytes do not regenerate and fibrotic scar forms. Surface layer of the heart - epicardium, improve heart regeneration processes by producing signalling factors. Epicardial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition and give rise to various cells involved in heart regeneration (coronary vessel formation and possibly new cardiomyocytes). To study the effect of epicardium on cardiac regeneration, I introduced a novel method of myocardial cryoinjury in avian embryos. In embryonic stages, where the heart is already covered by a layer of epicardium. Probe cooled in liquid nitrogen, injured the left ventricle of the heart and simulate myocardial infarction. Cryoinjury is an appropriate alternative to induce myocardial infarction as the coronary ligation is not feasible in early embryos. After cryoinjury, were observed changes in the epicardium. Epicardium is activated (expression of WT1) and detached from myocardium and form protrusions. In subepicardium we observed a large number of migrating cells. These cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition were detected by cytokeratin and vimentin antibodies. We observed α-SMA positive cells and undifferentiated cardiomyocytes (N2.261 antibody) in the...
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Algal and Cyanobacterial Adaptations to Low Temperature and Desiccation
Jimel, Matouš ; Elster, Josef (advisor) ; Košťál, Vladimír (referee)
Algae and cyanobacteria, due of their evolutionary antiquity, are widely distributed primary producers that can withstand extreme environmental stresses. Low temperature, freezing and melting, and desiccation and rewetting, are common stresses prevalent mainly in polar regions and in winter seasons of temperate areas. In terms of physiological effects, these types of stresses share similar effects or are closely related to one another. Low temperatures and desiccation exert a variety of stresses that need to be negated or lessened by adaptations. Specifically, adaptations to chill, freeze, and desiccation stresses will be discussed, as well as strategies that allow for stress avoidance or resistant morphological adaptations. In this thesis, characteristics, functions and mechanisms of these adaptations and stresses are reviewed, as well as potential biotechnological uses of said adaptations. Key words: algae, cyanobacteria, freezing, chill, desiccation, abiotic stress, cryoprotectants, osmoprotectants, akinetes, cryoinjury
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Algal and Cyanobacterial Adaptations to Low Temperature and Desiccation
Jimel, Matouš ; Elster, Josef (advisor) ; Košťál, Vladimír (referee)
Algae and cyanobacteria, due of their evolutionary antiquity, are widely distributed primary producers that can withstand extreme environmental stresses. Low temperature, freezing and melting, and desiccation and rewetting, are common stresses prevalent mainly in polar regions and in winter seasons of temperate areas. In terms of physiological effects, these types of stresses share similar effects or are closely related to one another. Low temperatures and desiccation exert a variety of stresses that need to be negated or lessened by adaptations. Specifically, adaptations to chill, freeze, and desiccation stresses will be discussed, as well as strategies that allow for stress avoidance or resistant morphological adaptations. In this thesis, characteristics, functions and mechanisms of these adaptations and stresses are reviewed, as well as potential biotechnological uses of said adaptations. Key words: algae, cyanobacteria, freezing, chill, desiccation, abiotic stress, cryoprotectants, osmoprotectants, akinetes, cryoinjury
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