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Understanding of algebraic expressions by pupils of higher primary schools
Jelínek, Patrik ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on the understanding of algebraic expressions by higher primary school pupils. The objective is twofold. First, to determine, based on the quantita- tive evaluation of research data, the most common mistakes pupils make under the headings of generalization, algebraization, interpretation, geometrization, & manipu- lation; and then second, to compare the introduction of algebraic expressions in different mathematics textbooks. Beyond this, a theory is also appended. Including several research results, literature review also delves into several activities effective in enhancing pupils' understanding of algebraic expressions, as well as an illustration of their typical errors associated to the aforementioned headings. The second part of the thesis then consists of the two-part textbook analysis: First, a qualitative analysis of authors' reasoning when validating modifications of algebraic expressions, and then a quantitative analysis of the algebraic tasks concerning the headings (i.e., the creation of a task overview). The third part of the paper finally evaluates the author's research. With the test sample of 207 pupils selected from the last years of compulsory education, two additional objectives were set out - first, to find out which tasks (according to said...
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Subject-didactic inspirations from North American textbooks.
PEŠTA, Jakub
This thesis focuses on the analysis of foreign textbooks for the first stage of primary schools. Its primary objective is to explore the possibilities of improving teaching methods of mathematics applied at the first stage of primary schools in the Czech Republic by incorporating exercises inspired by North American textbooks. The first part of the thesis reviews the content and structure of the selected textbooks and then compares them with the Czech ones. The second one conducts didactic analyses of selected exercises with the emphasis on the topic of fractions to seek opportunities for integration of educational content. The third part contains a prepared set of learning units inspired by North American exercises which have been implemented in classroom settings and accompanied by pupil reflections. The reflection encompasses unconventional solutions offered by the pupils for some exercises as well as an analysis of the questionnaire results.
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The issue of punctuation in the teaching practice at the second grade of primary school
POSTLOVÁ, Natálie
The aim of the Bachelor thesis is to map the topic of punctuation within the lower secondary school educational practice. Theoretical part of the thesis consists of the description of punctuation issue dealt in the four specific Czech language textbook series intended for various school grades. The textbook series are mutually compared in relation to the way of explanation of the given issue and the variety, consistency and appropriateness of used exercises. Practical part of the thesis targets to create an exercise sheet consisting of the issue explanation and various creative exercises and tasks to practice punctuation.
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The issue of punctuation in the teaching of the Czech language at the second grade of primary school
DOBROVOLNÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of punctuation in the teaching of the Czech language at the second grade of primary school. The theoretical part deals with general rules of using punctuation in simple sentence, compound sentence and complex sentence. The second part of theory deals with comparison of interpretation and the type of exercises in chosen contemporary textbooks of Czech language for eighth and ninth grade children. The practical part is about checking a level of achieved knowledge of punctuation at the eighth and ninth grade children.
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The comparison of physics textbooks for basic schools
BUMBA, Tomáš
The goal of the theses is to determine, which physics textbooks are being used at primary schools, compare these textbooks and analyse the conception and the way various topics are elaborated. Another purpose of the theses is to didactically analyse the theme unit Force in textbooks from various authors and to create a new textbook based on the results and knowledge gained during the comparison. The effectiveness of the elaborated textbook was tested in practice. The textbook is designed as a new, practical conception for the tuition of the theme unit Force and should serve as a practical tool, which is even meant to be used for some of the experiments. It is focused on the most realistic aspect of the topic and works with the pupil´s desire to discover and learn new things. The effectiveness was tested didactically in a primary school class and compared with the results of another class, which used usual textbooks and was taught with usual teaching methods. The response of the pupils on the various methods was also of high importance. The results of the testing can be found at the end of the work.
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