|
|
Department of Civil Protection in the army in the Czech Republic since 1989
ŽÁKOVÁ, Markéta
This paper has two parts, theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part consists of five subchapters and these are dividend into several parts. In the first subchapter I describe the term civil defence as well as its long history that has been recorded since 1929, surpassing the Second World War. The second subchapter contains an explanation of what kind of services are included in the civil defence and their brief description. These services were composed of units intended to civilians and soldiers. They have been used for rescue and clean up operations when emergencies as epidemics or epiphytie have occurred. The third subchapter details the legislative history of civil defence. This subchapter is divided into eight parts each of which describes a specific period of legislative changes. The first legislation related to civil defence Act no. 82/1935 Coll., on the protection and defense against air attacks, which laid the foundations for further legislation. During the Second World War, the legislation did not change, it just changed the name civil defence to "Luftschuz". However, officially the name "civil defence" appeared first in 1992. After that year it became a significant change in this area. The fourth subchapter describes the development of the prewar Czechoslovak army in the period since 1918 to 1938. I describe subsequent modernization and reorganization of the Czechoslovak army, which was aimed to defend us against our only enemy which was Germany. Our army was one of the best armies from all over Europe, even though it was dissolved due to the occupation. In the fifth subchapter the postwar development of the army is analyzed . The fifth subchapter has six parts, in which the development is divided into particular time periods. The biggest changes in the military occurred in 1948 due to the onset of communism in our country, after extensive reorganization in 1968 after the invasion of Soviet troops, and finally in 1993 after the split of Czechoslovakia into two independent countries. The practical part of my work is rather theoretical, because of the thesis of my work and its objectives. My work consists of four chapters, which are the research question, methodics, results and discussion. The second chapter contains of two subchapters in which the research question and methodics. In the subchapter that deals with research issue, I describe literally the name and the research question, "What is the development trend of civil defense in the army in the Czech Republic since 1989?" The development trend is decreasing and it is because the civil defense troops have to depart beyond the borders of our country and can not fight. In the second subchapter I describe the methodology that I have processed my work with. The third chapter contains the main results of my thesis, which describe the history and changes in the structure of 15th Engineer Regiment. Furthermore, the results describe also the history of the engineer battalion, their structure, tasks, utilization, equipment and technology. Moreover I focus on various laws, rules, regulations, contracts and agreements, which are in accordance with the deployment of forces and means of military rescue units of the Army of the Czech Republic. The results also contain tables of the amount of engineers and rescue workers in the 15th Engineers Regiment, as they changed over time since 2003 until 2013, from which the changes occurred in the numbers. These numbers are set in the graph to show effectively the decrease of the civil defense troops in the country. The fourth chapter is a discussion in which I describe changes in the number of military units of civil defence and the reasons why these changes has occurred. These departments were transferred to other sections or canceled. As a matter of fact, the Rescue Battalion Hlucin has been transferred to the subordination of the Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic.
|
|
|
Assessment of legal updates on civil protection/defense in relation to trends in the area of civil protection/defense and comprehensive security of the population
ONDRÁK, Petr
The objective of this study is to evaluate the trends in individual periods of selected legal and sub-legal regulations on civil protection/defense in the Czech Republic from 1935 to the present. In addition to presenting an overview and description of individual legal provisions, the study also outlines the characteristics of the period in which the legal provisions were created, approved, and subsequently enacted. Three European countries were selected and briefly described for the purposes of the overview and comparison ? specifically, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria. In all of them, much emphasis has been put on the population?s protection, so that these democratic states have considerable and valuable experience in protecting their citizens in their respective geographic and historical setup. Using a multicriteria analysis, a comparison of legal provisions on civil protection/defense in the territory of the Czech Republic was made from 1935 to the present. Since it was not feasible to compare all the legal and sub-legal regulations in the given area, the study concentrated on the main legislation during that period. The period under study, i.e., 1935 to the present, was divided into segments where significant amendments were adopted in the area of civil defense in the territory of the Czech Republic. Subsequently, these main provisions on civil defense were detailed so as to make the primary objectives of the individual provisions obvious. The chapter containing compilation of the results describes selected key legislation in the periods from 1935 to 1961, then from 1961 to 2000, and finally from 2000 to the present, including a comprehensive table with a brief description of selected regulations. In conclusion, it was necessary to state that endangerment of the population, both with respect to civil and military threats, still exists. Therefore, it is essential to continue to amend and supplement the current legal provisions on a current basis, even though the legislation is very good, quality-wise, to be able to respond flexibly and effectively in the event that the population of the Czech Republic is exposed to any of the potential threats.
|
guest ::
