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Vliv ročního období na mléčnou užitkovost a změny chování dojnic holštýnského skotu v průběhu roku ve vybraném chovu
Rusnáková, Jaroslava
This bachelor thesis studied the effect of season on change in milk yield and behav-ioural change in Holstein dairy cows. The research was carried out in a selected farm in the South Moravian region from April 2021 to December 2021. The research on the change in milk yield, characterised by daily production intake and milk content, was carried out on an average number of 313 cows on all lactations in April-May, July-August, October-November and December. The lowest protein (3.2%) and fat (3.56%) content was found in the sample from the summer period. The lactose content in the summer months was the highest (5.05 %). The behaviour of the dairy cows was observed in the 2nd lactation herd. Behavioural observations included the following activities: water intake, feeding, resting, rumination, con-tact, exercise, comfort behaviour and defecation. Resting was the most performed activity (36.98%) and defecation was the least performed activity (1.33%).
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Cognitive and behavioral alterations in neurodevelopmental and pharmacological animal models of schizophrenia
Malenínská, Kristýna ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Blahna, Karel (referee) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Establishing reliable animal models of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia is essential to better understand the neurobiological, behavioural and genetic basis of the disorder and to develop new drugs with greater therapeutic efficacy. These models allow the study of different aspects of schizophrenia, including positive, negative and cognitive symptoms similar to schizophrenia. All available animal models of schizophrenia can be divided into four different categories of induction: developmental, pharmacological, genetic and lesion-induced. However, none of these models perfectly replicates all aspects of schizophrenia in humans, and it is therefore necessary to precisely define the influence of each manipulation. This thesis focuses on the study of pharmacological and developmental animal models of schizophrenia, with an emphasis on examining the cognitive and behavioral changes associated with the disorder. Specifically, we investigated the pharmacological induction of schizophrenia- like symptoms by acute administration of MK-801, developmental models of two interventions combining the maternal immune response following poly(I:C) administration and subsequent stress of offspring in adolescence, and repeated prenatal and neonatal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the...
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Stress markers and methodologies for their measurement in selected model species
Langmajerová, Anna ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
The stress response is a cascade of physiological and subsequently behavioural processes that enable the organism to cope with various stressful situations and influences (stressors). The manifestations of stress in different organisms are to some extent similar, but at the same time they may differ in intensity and manner. Stress can be measured using biological markers, which are objective and measurable and indicative of underlying biological processes. This bachelor thesis focus on stress markers and the methodology of their measurement. It also discusses specific types of stress markers in each model, for example, measurement of stress hormones (cortisol, corticosteroid), measurement of body temperature, blood pressure or heart rate, or behavioural performance. The thesis also focus on the issue of suitability and applicability of various methods of measuring and evaluating stress in individual models, depending on their accuracy and welfare of the animals during a given measurement, which may influence the test results. Keywords: animal model, behavior, biomarker, stress
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Behaviour and electric signalling of Gnathonemus petersii in basic neurobehavioural tests
Juhaňáková, Kateřina ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
Neuroscience research on psychiatric disorders uses a wide range of animal species as model organisms. Most notably rodents and zebrafish Danio rerio. However, the behavioral repertoire of current model species does not allow for the simulation of verbal and some specific cognitive symptoms that are present in many disorders such as schizophrenia or autism. The elephant nose fish Gnathonemus petersii is a weakly electric fish that uses electrical signaling for spatial orientation (electrolocalization) and communication (electrocommunication). Therefore, the experimental advantage of measuring individual differences in electrical signaling for electrocommunication and electrolocalization may provide deeper insight into human psychiatric disorders associated with cognitive and verbal disorders and expand the possibilities for animal modeling in general. The aim of this thesis was to describe behavioral characteristics in basic neurobehavioral tests such as the open field test, novel object type tests as well as in relation to their electroactivity. The results of the open field test are in agreement with previous studies conducted on rodents and zebrafish. The novel object tests were not so clear-cut. Behaviour was tested in relation to the size of the individuals and a positive relationship was found in the...
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The effect of selected cannabinoids on quantitative EEG, behaviour, and their therapeutic potential
Uttl, Libor
Cannabinoids and especially CBD are these days a highly discussed topic with a huge overlap in the media space. Their ability to interact not only with cannabinoid receptors, but also with other pathways, in combination with a huge "hype", leads, despite the not very strong evidence of their effects in clinical practice, to the testing of cannabinoids in a broad spectrum of indications. Nowadays, we have more than 150 isolated cannabinoids, but the research is focused only on the main cannabinoids like for example THC, CBD, cannabigerol, cannabichromen or hexahydrocannabinol. For our research, we have chosen the two most well- known cannabinoids THC and CBD, and our key question was not only what is the role of these cannabinoids individually, but, also, how do they interact when administered together, how do they influence behaviour and how do they interact in dependence on the method of administration. All these questions were addressed within our rat experiments. Somewhat surprisingly, we did not observe the typical cannabinoid tetrad (decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli, hypothermia, catalepsy, and overall decrease in motor activity) after the THC administration, so we wondered what would happen if we used more potent and selective synthetic cannabinoids JWH- 073, JWH-210, instead of THC....
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Vliv glyfosátu na fyziologické procesy v živočišném organismu
Jelínková, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with the effect of glyphosate on the animal organism. The influence of individual selected groups of animals and humans is examined in different types of expermients. The bees in the behavioral study showed a reduced response to sucrose, a deterioration in short-term memory and a deterioration in the formation of ofor-foos relationships. Glyphosate reduced biodiversity in the amphibian population and also halved the toxicity at lower doses when the active substance was studied. Glyphosate also affects carp hepatocytes, which are subject to histological changes. The deteriorating health of the fish, which is infested with exoparasites, makes it easier for glyphosate to enter the body. In rats and rabbits, they cause reproductive problems. Human placental cells respond to glyphosate by reducing the production of the enzyme responsible for estrogen synthesis and thus to fertility problems. Glyphosate is more common in professional exposure and i tis similar in the population living in the immediate vicinity of its application.
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Interakce mezi psy na veřejných prostranstvích v Blansku
Exnerová, Žaneta
The objective of the bachelor thesis was to analyze the social behavior of dogs in open places in Sloup and Blansko. One hundred pairs of dogs were observed. Factors and behavior of dogs were evaluated during the meeting of dog. The threat of the dogs was affected by the sex of the dog. Sniffing behavior was influenced by the sex of the dog. The location of observation had an effect on the number of sniffing places. The number of sniffing places was affected by the sex of the dog. From the results is evident that the behavior of dogs is influenced by different factors.
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Hodnocení welfare v chovu dojnic
Sovadinová, Simona
Animal welfare enhancement requires specific problems being reliably identified and corrective actions being defined afterwards. This diploma thesis evaluates the level of animal welfare on Czech farms with dairy and dual purpose cattle. The thesis uses the European project Welfare Quality®, which is a tool for a comprehensive assessment of livestock living conditions. WQ® gives the farms one of four final marks – excellent, enhanced, acceptable, and not classified. Most farms in this research were marked as acceptable. The organic farm received the best rating of all farms. Barns were most deprived of animal feeding, while animal housings were rated well. This research considers welfare as a multidimensional complex and also assesses specific aspects of dairy farming.
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