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Importance of natural biotopes for the utilization of ecosystem services by ground beetles (Carabidae) in a winter rape field
KDOLSKÝ, Tomáš
This diploma thesis deals with the importance of semi-natural biotopes for the carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and benefits of these beetles for the production of the oilseed rape. Evaluation was done by measuring the diversity of communities of carabid beetles by pitfall trapping followed by the evaluation of total abundance, Shannon´s diversity index and the Shannon´s evenness index in the field oilseed rape and in the adjacent semi-natural biotopes. Diversity was measured at two locations (location A, B). Monitored biotopes of the location A were the meadow, the field, the unmanaged field boundary and the forest. At the site B, monitored biotopes were the meadow and the field. Carabid beetles were captured in one-week intervals continuously from May to September 2013. In total 3076 individuals represented by 78 species were captured. The most numerous species in samples were Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius, Poecilus versicolor, Pseudoophonus rufipes and Loricera pilicornis, which formed together 72 % of the total numbers. The monitored biotopes of location A did not differ significantly in total abundance (p = 0.13) nor in the Shannon´s eveness (p = 0.43). They differed by the diversity index (p = 0.03), but this accounted for difference between the field boundary and the forest biotopes (p = 0.04). No difference in the three measured parameters were found by the comparison the field sites and next semi-natural sites at locality A (i.e. meadow A/field A1, forest/field A2), nor by comparing the biotopes field and meadow in both the localities (A, B) in one model (p < 0.05). The results suggest the importance of the immigration of carabid from the semi-natural biotopes into the field, which supports the field populations of carabids and the ecosystem service of biological control provided by them.
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Communities of epigeic beetles (Coleoptera) in the different types of green belts in fields
ŠEBÍK, Jakub
SUMMARY The assemblages of epigeic beetles were studied in various types of agroecosystems in the submontaneous area of Novohradske hory (South Bohemia, Czech republic). The research took place in years 2009 and 2011. There were sown various types of crops, in the target places, on which were established either biobelts (research 2009) or permanent green belts with trees and shrubs (research 2011) in past. The aim of the study was to assess, whether or how these landscape structures influence epigeic beetles. The datas were gathered by sampling ground beetles with ground traps. The collected material was put then through identification and this was the base for assessing the parameters of landscape structures influence on epigeic beetles. These parameters were: the species diversity, the abundance and the ammount of relict species. It was collected 3099 beetles and it was managed to identify 54 species at all. The interest groups of invertebrates were ground beetles/carabids (Carabidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae). The results differed for both groups. The rove beetles were generally more abundant, than ground beetles and most of them were found in crops in the year 2009. The lowest numbers were caught in crops 2011. There was a quite remarkable contrast between these two results. The species diversity of rove beetles was too lower, than the ground beetles? one. The results of biodiversity seemed to be strange so as the abundance was. The diversity was the highest in the crops 2009 and the slowest in the crops 2011. Nearly the same diversity was found in biobelts, which are really different type of habitat. The carabids? abundance was not so oscillating like by the rove beetles. They were the most abundant in biobelts and the less in permanent belts. The abundance in crops in both years was nearly the same. The species diversity was highest in permanent belts and the lowest in crops in the year of 2009. The results about antropic influence on epigeic beetles assemblages, based on ecological characteristics of beetles, were eventually raised. It was established, that all the populations are strongly affected by human. The results say, that habitats like biobelt and permanent belt seem to have a positive impact on epigeic beetles assemblages, namely on relict or rare beetles survival. The results have very disparate and sometimes contradictory nature, thus cannot be sumarized.
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