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The role of exosomes in communication between adipose and cardiac tissue
Novotná, Denisa Regine ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Kašík, Petr (referee)
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, represent an important, newly identified, factor in the information transmission between individual cells and organs of a multicellular organism. Usually, exosomes contain nucleic acids, proteins and even whole organelles such as mitochondria. The exosomes production takes place, among others, in adipocytes of adipose tissue. Because adipose tissue is the main repository of stored lipids, its metabolism and the functionality of its mitochondria react sensitively e.g. to nutritional conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosome secretion from adipose tissue may play a pivotal role in the progression of metabolic syndrome. In hypertrophied tissue, mitochondria fail, and adipocytes dispose of them by secreting them as exosomes. The majority of these exosomes with damaged mitochondria are directly taken up by macrophages within the adipose tissue. However, a subset of them can escape into the circulation and reach the heart. The uptake of these exosomes by the myocardium and the incorporation of damaged mitochondria into its own mitochondrial network may have surprisingly positive effects for increasing resistance to damage in infarction. Furthermore, exosomes may also play an important role in ridding brown adipose tissue and other cells of...
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Breathing hard at the pastures
Davidová, Iva ; Kadlčák, Šimon (referee) ; Lungová, Barbora (advisor)
My bachelor's thesis is based on a posthumanist approach to (non)wild nature. It simultaneously analyses it based on examples of visual human representation of fauna and flora and the question of "naturalness". I explore the contemporary aesthetics of depicting "nature" in visual art on the one hand and in the space of social media on the other, as I consider them as interconnected spheres. Today, one can observe a tendency to define oneself against the romanticization of wild nature and the harm that this romanticization causes. Consequently, both sources influence the root of the visual language that I am adopting in the context of the elaboration of my bachelor thesis. In addition to the clear continuity with my previous works, in which I already developed the theme of plants, especially grasses, variously set in landscapes without humans, I use in the bachelor thesis the language of existential memes manifestly avoiding the romanticization of nature and its anthropomorphization. The multimedia approach should resonate with the absence of boundaries between romanticization and non-romanticization of what we call nature. Through a combination of media, I explore how my demarcation against the romanticization of nature further manifests itself, observing that resistance to romanticization eventually breeds a new romanticization and that, as humans, we tend to aestheticize everything nonhuman endlessly. The essayistic-poeticizing text, which I take as another means of expression, serves me precisely to bring out some of the levels of this complex issue, such as the critical reflective layer. Through my work, I ask questions about how these mechanisms apply in art, what particular aesthetic patterns or trends do, and what kind of aesthetic experience they make possible. Can one be both romantic and urgently engaged in the face of the apocalypse?
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Role of microvesicles and exosomes in reproduction of mammals
Straková, Johana ; Frolíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee)
Microvesicles and exosomes are extracellular vesicles of nanometer size derived from cell membranes. Due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and RNA, microvesicles and exosomes are now considered to be a common form of communication between somatic cells. Microvesicles and exosomes have been detected in the reproductive organs of male and female mammals, where they mediate the transport of molecules between cells and thus promote their communication during physiological and pathological processes. Signalling through microvesicles and exosomes is involved in sperm maturation processes, which enrich these vesicles for molecules required for motility and fertilization capacity. Similarly, during oocyte maturation, microvesicles promote communication between follicle cells and its growth. During fertilization, the molecules transported by microvesicles promote capacitation and acrosomal reaction and, after gamete fusion, support the developing embryo and its subsequent implantation in the uterus. The main focus of this bachelor thesis is to discuss the role of microvesicles and exosomes in various processes in mammalian reproduction from sperm and egg maturation to successful fertilization and embryo implantation. A significant part of the thesis is devoted to the presentation of molecules...
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