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Vliv výživy a prostředí na masnou užitkovost kuřecích brojlerů
HOUSKOVÁ, Lucie
The nutrition of chicken hybrids is very popular. There are already predictions that chicken meat will become one of the most consumed. The reasons may be the price, taste or composition and easy digestibility of chicken meat. Short fattening of broiler chickens and low space requirements is an indisputable advantage for breeders. The work is focused on the basic building elements important for the fattening of chicken hybrids. The practical part consists in fattening two groups of broilers in a home environment, each time in the same environment but in a different season. These results were compared with comparison groups in conventional breeding. During the experiment, it was found that when fattening in the warm season with access to the outdoors, even higher results can be achieved than in conventional breeding. On the contrary, it was proven that the group without access to the out-doors did not even achieve average gains in the colder period.
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Využití pšenice s purpurovým perikarpem ve výživě brojlerových kuřat
Psohlavcová, Tereza
This diploma thesis deals with utilization of colored grain of wheat with purple pericarp in broiler chicken nutrition Ross 308. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of feeding with wheat RU 687-12 with purple pericarp and higher content of anthocyanins on parameters of yield of fed broilers and their metabolism assessed on the basis of biochemical examination of their blood. The experiment was carried out on 240 broiler chicken cockerels divided into 2 groups (control and experimental) of 120 pieces. The chickens of each group were divided into separate bins of 20 pieces (6 reps). The first group - experimental - was fed with a feed mixture with a 60% share of colored wheat RU 687-12. The control group was fed with a feed mixture containing the same share of common wheat Bohemia. The experiment lasted from the 12th to the 39th day of the age of the chickens. During the experiment, the chickens were weighed weekly and feed consumption was monitored in individual bins. While slaughtered at the end of the experiment, the blood of 2 random chickens was taken for biochemical examination (12 chickens per each group). All the chickens were processed after the slaughter, the weight of a processed body found out, and a portion of breast and femoral muscles set within a part of chickens. Based on statistical processing and comparison of the results, a significant difference is some parameters of mineral metabolism was found out (in the concentration of magnesium, iron, glutathione peroxidase activity) and in the blood glucose concentration. In the feed consumption parameters, weight gains, feed conversion and yield parameters, no conclusive differences were found out. Blending wheat with colored pericarp into feed mix (instead of common wheat) had neither positive nor negative substantial effect on the yield or metabolism of the fed broiler chickens.
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Eliminace negativního vlivu tepelného stresu u brojlerových kuřat pomocí rostlinných aditiv
Zmrhal, Vladimír
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluated the effect of supplementation plant additive based on extracts, from turmeric (Curcuma) and baical skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) on broiler chickens exposed to heat stress at the end of fattening. The effect of plant additive on performance parameters, meat quality, lymphatic organ weight, biochemical blood profile, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, heat shock proteins, leukocyte counts, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, metabolizable energy and chicken behavior were evaluated. Plant additive fed from the 21st day of chickens age significantly improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio at optimal temperatures and significantly increased (P<0.05) body weight gain at elevated temperatures (27–29 ° C). The addition of plant additive has significantly increased (P<0.05) metabolizable energy as well as the apparent ileal digestibility of the amino acids lysine, threonine, arginine, histidine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, serine, glycine, aspartic and glutamic acid and alanine. Significantly lower (P<0.05) manifestations of thermoregulatory behavior (wings lifting and open beaks) in the experimental group with plant extracts were found in the ethological observation. Results of diploma thesis showed that the addition of a mixture of turmeric and baical scullcap extracts can be used to reduce the negative effects of heat stress on the performance of broiler chickens.
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Využití biochemického vyšetření krve v hodnocení výživy a metabolismu brojlerových kuřat
Šipošová, Aneta
This diploma thesis, which is based on the feeding experiment, deals with the influence of nutritional deficiency in broiler chickens nutrition on parameters of biochemical blood profile and subsequent determination of the dynamics of changes of specified blood parameters depending on the age of broiler chickens. The aim was to verify whether reducing nutrient concentration in the feed mixture has affected the biochemical blood profile and whether the biochemical parameters observed could be used as indicators of metabolic disorders arising from mistakes in chicken nutrition. For the experiment were used the hybrid broiler chickens Ross 308, which were divided into groups. Chickens of the control group were fed a standard granular feed mixture of BR2 and subsequently BR3 during the experiment. Chickens of the experimental group I were fed with a standard mixture of BR2 that was mixed with wheat (in ratio approximately 1:1) and mashed. In the second third of the experiment, was created experimental group II (a part of the chickens of the original test group I), where chickens were fed the same as the control group. The statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was among all groups in the assessment of weight of broiler chickens for the whole of the fattening depending on the age of chickens. Within the biochemical blood profile, resp. the evaluation of enzymes, macro elements, indicators of nitrogen and energy metabolism, some differences between groups were also statistically significant. However, the results of the experiment show that the determined biochemical parameters are not sensitive indicators of nutritional deficiency. Much more sensitive indicator of induced experimental nutrient deficiency was changes in live weight ofchickens and feed conversion ratio. The evaluation of the dynamics of changes inmonitored parameters depending on the age have been identified significant changes in some values. Increase in ALT = alanine aminotransferase, GGT = gama-glutamyltransferase, LD = lactate dehydrogenase, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and total protein. Conversely, a significant decrease was found in ALP = alkaline phosphatase, uric acid and urea. Based on the experiment, we can say that biochemical blood profile is not sensitive indicator of the nutritional deficiency of broiler chickens. It is important to mention the effect of the age on the results because the number of parameters significantly changed during fattening.
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