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Využití respirační fyzioterapie u pacientů po prodělání onemocnění Covid-19
BÍLKOVÁ, Klára
Covid-19 disease is caused by a new type of coronavirus, technically called SARS-CoV-2, which had not been identified in humans before December 2019. It is a droplet- and aerosolborne infectious disease mainly affecting the nasopharynx and lungs. Nowadays, numerous people suffer from the after-effects of having contracted Covid-19, the so-called post-covid syndrome. This is a set of different symptoms that can provide in essence the whole body. The most common complaints include shortness of breath and a persistent cough, deconditioning, headaches, back and chest pain to varying degrees, weakness and fatigue, as well as psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, concentration disorders and insomnia. From a physiotherapy perspective, these symptoms can be modified to varying degrees. For example, directly respiratory difficulties - influencing lung function, respiratory muscles, restoring the correct breathing stereotype. However, we can also influence posturalarticular functions and posture. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to describe the most common health problems of patients after Covid-19 infection and to suggest appropriate physiotherapy approaches for the identified difficulties. In particular, the thesis focuses on breathing difficulties and the possibility of influencing them with respiratory physiotherapy techniques. A qualitative research strategy was chosen, the research population consisted of five adult patients, and during the course of the research the number was reduced to four probands. The condition for inclusion in the research was a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, after which patients continued to experience some persistent health problems. Physiotherapy interventions were targeted to optimize respiratory function using selected respiratory physiotherapy techniques. The results were processed by comparing the input and output kinesiological analysis, measuring inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures using the MicroRPM device and measuring the patient's lung function using spirometry. Improvements were achieved in walking ability, postural-respiratory diaphragmatic function, chest mobility, respiratory pressure values and subjective perception of health status. Some improvement in lung function was also noted by spirometry.
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The role of a nurse in patiens with inserted endobronchial stent.
PEŠKOVÁ, Martina
The goal of this bachelor thesis was to ascertain what role the nurse performs in care for patient with inserted endobronchial stent. The research set consists of ten patients with stenosis of trachea and large airways. Stenosis has a lot of causes but all patients have similar symptoms. The basic problem of such patients stays the same; they come because of breathlessness that restricts them in performance of common daily activities. We asked the research question whether the nursing care for patient with inserted endobronchial stent has influence on improvement of the breathlessness and whether education by the nurse is important for the patient with inserted endobronchial stent. The goal was met and the research questions answered. Three hypotheses were set on the base of the result. H1: Insertion of endobronchial stent has influence on improvement of patient{\crq}s breathlessness. H2: Nursing care for patient with inserted endobronchial stent has influence on self-care in patient{\crq}s daily activities. H3: The most important topic of education in patient with inserted endobronchial stent is inhalation. The nurse{\crq}s nursing care is indispensable because the patient needs it for the whole period of the difficulties. The influence of nursing care improves the patient{\crq}s discomfort caused by breathlessness. The nurse{\crq}s care provides the patients with physical, but also with psychic support. The patients admitted because of breathlessness are tired, exhausted and completely dependent on oxygen. They are not able to perform sanitary needs by themselves, are also restricted in movement, feeding, but also in dressing and evacuation. The nurse chooses, individually and by the patients{\crq} possibilities, such techniques that allow satisfaction of all bio-psycho-social needs during provision of nursing care. She provides also psychic support important to reach the goal, i.e. to eliminate the patients{\crq} breathlessness. Not all patients master the breathlessness well; there are patients who need psychic support by the nurse. We also describe the significance of education by the nurse in this bachelor thesis. The role of the nurse is to perform education so that the patients understand that daily hygiene of airways is, because of the inserted endobronchial stent, very important and has its role. Insufficient nurse{\crq}s education and therefore bad hygiene of airways causes complications because of which the patient must seek medical attention and be hospitalized. This bachelor thesis will serve also in practice to familiarize the general public at lay and professional level with the a possibility of therapy of breathlessness of patients with stenosis in large airways.
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